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PROCEEDINGS 



|if ill qI tt|i |«iJf |tei 



New Capitol of ^VIichigan, 



On the 2d Day of October, 1873, 



CITY OF LAW8ING. 



COMPILED BY 

ALLEN L. BOUIiS, 

Secretary of State Building Commissioners. 



W. S. GEORGE & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 
18 73. 



oard of nhk luilding f ommissiontr^. 



Governor JOHN J. BAGLEY, Chairman, . . Detroit, 
E. O. GROSVENOR, Vice President, . . . Jonesville. 

JAMES SHEARER, Bay City. 

ALEX. CHAPOTON, Detroit. 

ALLEN L. BOURS, Secretary, Lansing. 

ELIJAH E. MYERS, Architect. 

OLIVER MARBLE, Local Superintendent. 

N. OSBURN & Co., Contractors. 



PRESIOENT 



GOVERNOR JOHN J. BAOLEY. 



vice: presidents : 



1 C. C. Teowbridge, Detroit. 

2 G. V. N. LoTHKOP, Detroit. 

3 E. J. Pexnimax, Plymouth. 

4 Alpheus Felch, Aim Arbor. 

5 Warner Wing, Monroe. 

G John J. Adam, Tecumseh. 

7 G. T. G RIDLEY, Jackson. 

8 C. P. Dibble Battle Creek. 

9 John P. Cook, Hillsdale. 

10 Charles Upson, Coldwater. 

11 J. G. Watt, Sturgis. 

12 R. W. Landon, Niles. 

13 Jonathan J. Woodman, .... Paw Paw. 

14 W. B. Williams, Allegan. 

15 Charles E. Stuart, Kalamazoo, 

10 Joseph Musgrave, .... Charlotte. 

17 0. M. Barnes, Mason. 

18 Amos Gould, ....... Owosso. 

19 J. B. Walker, Flint. 

20 A. C. Baldwin, Pontiac. 

21 R. P. Eldridge, Mt. Clemens. 

23 W.T.Mitchell, Port Huron. 

23 J. L. Woods, Lexington. 



LAYING THE COBNER-STONE 



24 Albert Miller Bay City. 

25 D. H. Jerome, Saginaw. 

26 John Larkin, Midland. 

27 A.F.Bell, Ionia. 

28 C. C. CoMSTOCK, Grand Rapids. 

29 W. M. Ferry, Grand Haven. 

30 Delos L. Filer, Manistee. 

31 D. C. Leach, Traverse Bay. 

32 Peter White, Marquette. 



COmmiTTEE OF ARRANGEniENTS; 



Gov. John J. Baglet, 
E. 0. Grosvenor, 
James Shearer, 
Alexander Chapoton, 
David Anderson, 
Augustus S. Gaylord, 
John Hibbard, 



John P. Hoyt, 
Leonard H. Eandall, 
Ellery L Garfield, 
William H. Withington, 
Oliver L. Spaulding, 
William H. Stone, 
John S. Tooker. 



SECRETARY : 

ALLEN L. BOURS, Lansing. 



ASSISTAXT SECRETARIES : 

1 Fred. Morley, Detroit. 

2 M. D. Hamilton, Monroe. 

3 James O'Donnell, Jackson. 

4 James H. Stone, Kalamazoo. 

5 A. B. Turner, Grand Rapids. 

6 John N. Ingersoll, . . . . . Corunna. 

7 H. G. Chapin, Caro. 

8 R. L. Warren, .... East Saginaw 

9 J. R. Devereaux, .... Houghton. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 



The Corner-Stone of the new Capitol of the State of Mich- 
igan, was laid in the city of Lansing, on Thursday, the second 
day of October, 1873. 

A procession was formed under the direction of General 
William Humphrey, Chief Marshal, in accordance with 
the following orders: 

Programme of Ceremonies. 



The following will be the order of the formation of the 
column on the occasion of laying the Corner-Stone of the 
New State Capitol, at Lansing, October 2d, 1873 : 

The column will be in six divisions: 

The First Division will form on Washington avenue, the 
Left resting on Maiji street. 

The Second Division will form on St. Joseph street, west of, 
and with its Eight resting on, Washington avenue. 

The Third Division will form on Hillsdale street, Avest of, 
and with its Eight resting on, Washington avenue. 

The Fourth Division will form on Lenawee street, west of, 
and with its Eight resting on, Washington avenue. 

The Fifth Division will form on Kalamazoo street, west of, 
and with its Eight resting on, Washington avenue. 

The Civic Division will form on the plat in front of the old 
State Capitol. 



LAYING 2UE CORNERSTONE 



Formation of Procession. 



DETACHMENT OF POLICE, 

In charge of Sergeant P. W. Girardix. 

CHIEF MARSHAL, 

Gen. Wm. HUMPH EEY. 

AIDS, 

Col. F. ScH]s[EiDER, Oapt. Charles Hodskii^t, Oapt. S. H. 
Eow, Capt. G. M. Hasty, E. H. J3urt, Dr. Geo. E. Eankey. 

I. 

MILITARY. 

II. 

CIVIC. 

1 II. 

COMMANDERIES OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. 

IV. 

MASONIC FRATERNITY. 

V. 

ENCAMPMENT I. O. OF O. F. 

VI. 

THE FRATERNITY OF I. O. OF O. F. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 



Arrangeinent of Divisions. 



FIRST i>ivisioisr. 

MARSHAL, 

Gex. w. h. WITHINGTON. 

AIDS) 

Major Joh:s^ D. Claek, Capt. Adam Beattie, Lieut. Benj. 

B. Berry, William H. Marston-. 

First U. S. Infantry Band. 

Battalion First U. S. Infantry, Oapt. R. H. Offley, U. S. A., 
Commanding. 

Co. — , First U. S. Infantry, Capt. G. S. Gallupe, Commanding. 
Co. — , First U. S. Infantry, Capt. E. Walker, Commanding. 
Battalion of State Troops, Capt. James M. Hinckley, Com- 
manding, 

Detroit Light Guard, Capt. David F. Fox, Commanding. 

Porter Zouaves, Ann Arbor, Capt. Warren- E. Walker, 

Commanding. 

National Guard, Detroit, Capt. John" O'Keefe, Commanding. 

Adrian Light Guard, 1st Lieut. Wheeler, Commanding. 

Tecumseh Zouaves, Capt. James D. Sholes, Commanding. 

Monroe Light Guard, Capt. Chas. F. Grui^er, Commanding. 

Coldwater Light Guard, Capt. George H. Turj^er, Com- 
manding. 

Hudson Light Guard, Capt. L. H. Salisbury, Commanding. 

Flint Union Blues, Capt. 0. F. Lockhead, Commanding. 

Grand Eapids Guard, Capt. Isaac C. Smith, Commanding. 

Ypsilanti Light Guard, Capt. Cicero Newell, Commanding. 

Kalamazoo Light Guard, Capt. Johk D. Sumner, Com- 
manding. 



10 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



BATTALION OF CADETS. 

Detroit Cadets; 2 Companies. 
Monroe Cadets; 1 Company. 



CIVIC IHVISIOIV. 

MARSHAL, 

Bkig. Gen. JOHN EOBERTSON, Adj. General. 

Constantine Band. 

Gov. John J. Bagley, President of the Day. 

Governor's Staff. 

William A. Howard, Orator of the Day. 

Right Rev. Samuel A. McCoskry, D.D., LL.D. 

Rev. Noah Fassett. 

Invited Guests. 

Capitol Commissioners and Architect. 

Committee of Arrangements. 

Maj. Gen. Philip St. George Cooke, U. S. A., Commanding 
Department of the Lakes, and Staff. 

Officers of United States Engineers, and other United States 
Military Officers. 

Vice Presidents of the Day. 

Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. 

Senators and Representatives in Congress. 

Judges of the United Statea Courts. 

Judges of State Supreme and Circuit Courts. 

Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Senators and Representatives of the State Legislature. 

Lieut. Governor, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Senators and Representatives of the Legislature of !1871. 

State Officers. 

Past State Officers. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 11 



President, Regents, and Professors of the State University. 

Mayor and Common Council of the City of Lansing. 

Mayors of other Cities, and Presidents of Villages. 

Officers of United States Civil Departments. 

Members of State Military Board. 



COMMANDERIES OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OP THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, 

ELLERY I. GARFIELD, 
Right Eminent Grand Commander, in command. 

AIDS OF GRAND COMMANDER, 

V. E. Sir L. H. Randall, D. G. C, Chief of Staff; Em. Sir 
S. C. Randall, G. C. G., Executive Officer ; Em. Sir S. S. 
Mathews, Grand Gen.; Em. Sir Rev. A. J. Davis, Grand 
Prelate ; Em. Sir R. J. Carney, G. S. Warden ; Em. Sir C. E. 
Grisson, G. J, Warden ; Em. Sir M. S. Smith, G. Treasurer; 
Em. Sir Wm. P. Innes, G. Recorder; Em. Sir H. F. Knapp, 
G. Stand. Bearer ; Em. Sir Mills H. Landon, G. Sword B. ; 
Em. Sir Wm. B. Wilson, G. Warder; Em. Sir Alex. Mc- 
Gregor, G. Sentinel ; and all Past Grand Officers. 

The following Sir Knights have also been appointed on the 
Staff, and will be assigned to special duty : Col. Sir George 
LocKLEY, Gen. Sir Mark Flanigan, Col. Sir William 
Phelps, Sir W. H. Burke, Sir A. H. West, Sir D. P. Smiley. 

The Grand Commander and staff will be mounted. 

The following Commanderies and the Commanders of each : 
Lansing, 25, Lansing, . . . Alfred Bixby. 
Detroit, 1, Detroit, . . . John P. Fiske. 
Eureka, 3, Hillsdale, . . . George C. Munroe. 
Adrian, 4, Adrian, . . . John W. Finch. 



12 



LATINO THE CORNER-STONE 



DeMolai, 5, Graud Rapids, . 

Peninsula, 8, Kalamazoo, 

Jackson, 9, Jackson, 

Ionia, 11, Ionia, 

NiLES, 12, Niles, 

Ann Arbor, 13, Ann Arbor, 

Fenton, 14, Fenton, 

St. Bernard, 1G, East Saginaw, 

Marshall, 17, Marshall, . 

Monroe, 19, Monroe, 

Corunna, 21, Corunna, 

Pilgrim, 23, Big Eapids, 

St. Johns, 24, St. Johns, . 

Bay City, 26, Bay City, 

Lexington, 27, Lexington, 

Howell, 28, Howell, 

Three Eivers, 29, Three Rivers, 



Leonard H. Randall, 
Frank Henderson. 
George W. Baker. 

J. H. KiDD. 

Mills H. Landon. 
Stephen M. Webster. 
j. buckbee. 
Edwin Saunders. 
John W. Fletcher. 
George R. Hurd. 
Hugh McCurdy. 
Charles P. Bigelow, 
Oliver L. Spaulding. 

C. F. Gibson. 
A. M. Clark. 
Sardis F. Hubbell. 

D. D. Thorp. 



TIIIKI> I>IVTHIO>r 



marshal, 

Capt. JAMES H. BAKER. 

aids, 

Col. a. Cottrell, Lansing; Col. M. W. Quackenbush, 
Owosso; Capt. H. B. Carpenter, Lansing: E. C. Chapin, 
Lansing; Capt. E. B. Gifford, Ionia; Capt. H. Troop, 
Owosso ; Joseph B. Bampton, Detroit ; E. M. Marston, 
Lansing; E. Y. Sanford, Lansing: Geo. M. Huntington, 
Mason. 

The formation of this Division will be in the following- 
order : 

DETROIT light GUARD BAND. 

First— Grand Lodge of F. & A. M. of the State of Michi- 
gan, in the following order: 

Band. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 13 



Grand Sword Bearer, with drawn sword. 
Grand Standard Bearer. 
Grand Master, supported by two Grand Deacons with 
black rods. 
Grand Pursuivant. 
'g A Past Master carrying the Book of Constitutions, 
'i Deputy Grand Master, carrying the golden vessel with corn. 
^ Senior Grand Warden, carrying the silver vessel with wine. 
^ Junior Grand Warden, carrying the silver vessel with oil. 
S The Five Orders of Architecture. 

Past Grand Masters. 
Past Deputy Grand Masters. 
Past Grand Wardens. 
Bible, Square and Compass, carried by a Master of a Lodge, 
supported by two Stewards with white rods. 
Grand Chaplain. 
Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and Grand Lecturer. 
District Deputy Grand Masters. 
Grand Architect and Ass'ts, with Square, Level, and Plumb. 
Grand Stewards, with white rods. 
Grand Tiler, with drawn sword. 

Second — Masonic Lodges in the following order: 
U.vioi^ of S. 0., No. 3, Detroit, . R. S. Dillon, W. M. 
Evergreen, No. 9, St. Clair, . D. D. Odell, W. M. 
MuRAT, No. 14, Albion, . . E. P. PiOBERTSON, W. M. 

Union, No. 38, Union City, ., E. McDonald, AV. M. 
Fidelity, No. 32, Hillsdale, . . S. S. Smith, W. M. 
Lansing, No. 33, Lansing, . Geo. H. Green, W. M. 

Lyons, No. 37, Lyons, . . , D. C. Spaulding, W. M. 
Plymouth Rock, No. 47, Plymouth, Yf. E. Smith, W. M. 
Climax, No. 59, West Leroy, . N. J. Kelsey, W. M. 
Lexington, No. 61, Lexington, . A. M. Clark, W.M. 
Eaton Rapids, No. 63, Eaton Rapids, J.S.Montgomery, W. M. 
Mason, No. 70, Mason, . . D. Campbell, W. M. 
Germania, No. 79, Saginaw City, A. W. Achard, W. M. 



14 



LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



Byron, No. 80, Byron, 
Lowell, No. 90, Lowell, 
Greenville, No. 96, Greenville, 
St. Johns, No. 105, St. Johns, 
Bay City, No. 129, Bay City, . 
Stockbridge, No. 130, Stockbridge, 
Mystic, No. 141, Bronson Prairie, 
Saginaw Valley, No. 154, Saginaw, 
Dansville, No. 160, Dansville, 
Grand Ledge, No. 179, Grand Ledge, 
Chesaning, No. 194, Chesaning, . 
Bedford, No. 207, Bedford, 
Okemos, No. 252, Okemos, . 
DeWitt, No. 272, DeWitt, 
Springport, No. 284, Springport, 
Salt Eiver, No. 288, Salt Eiver, . 
Woodland, No. 304, Woodland, . 
St. Charles, U. D., . 



A. McCaughna, W. M. 
A. J. HowK, W. M. 
Wm. Maxted, W. M. 
A. J. Wiggins, W. M. 
Wm. R. Tupper, W. M. 
C. W. Van Slyke, W. M. 
Edward A. Gay, W. M. 
W. W. Knight, W. M. 
M. M. Atwood, W. M. 
J. W. McMillan, W. M. 
J. L. Helme, W. M. 
C. W. Eldred, W. M. 
J. F. Smiley, W. M. 
M. F. White, W. M. 
F. H. Ludlow, W. M. 
Richard Hoy, W. M. 
J. P. Phillips, W. M. 
St. Charles. 



FOURTH XHVI&sIOTV, 



MARSHAL, 

Capt. J. A. ELDER. 

AIDS, 

Eugene B. Wood, Lansing; William Appleton, Lansing; 
John W. Edmonds, Lansing. 

Formation will be in the following order : 

Lansing Cornet Band. 

Wildey Encampment No. 4, L 0. 0. F., Jackson. 

Washington Encampment No. 19, L 0. 0. F., Saginaw. 

Valley Encampment No. 20, 1. 0. 0. F., East Saginaw. 

Friendship Encampment No. 33, L 0. 0. F., Lansing. 

Kanonda Encampment No. 36, L 0. 0. F., Bay City. 

And other Encampments in the order of rank. 



OF THE NEW CATrllOL. 15 



FIFTH I>IVI©IOIV. 

MARSHAL, 

JOHN N. INGERSOLL. 

AIDS, 

B. Prell of Detroit ; 0. W. Oviatt of St. Joseph. 
Lodges of Odd Fellows in the order of rank. 

The divisions Avill form on the streets indicated, at 12 
o'clock M. The signal for the formation of the divisions 
will be the firing of one gun. 

Marshals will be as prompt as possible in the formation of 
their divisions. 

The movement of the column will commence at the firing 
of the second gun. As that portion of the column on Wash- 
ington avenue uncovers the streets on which the several divis- 
ions are formed, the divisions will move into their proper 
places in the column. 

The line of march will be down Washington avenue, pass- 
ing in review before the Governor and stafi", in front of the old 
Capitol, to Ottawa street, west on Ottawa street to Capitol 
avenue, north on Capitol avenne. From Capitol avenue to 
Washington avenue, south on Washington avenue to Ottawa 
street, east on Ottawa street to Grand street, south on Grand 
street to Allegan street, from which point the first division 
will move west on Allegan street to Washington avenue, north 
on Washington avenue to Michigan avenue, west on Michigan 
avenue to the new Capitol Grounds. The remainder of the 
column will continue south from Allegan street on Grand 
street to Washtenaw street, west on Washtenaw street, thence 
to its place in the column in the rear of the Civic Division, 
which Avill have taken its place immediately in the rear of the 
First Division. 

Arriving at the Capitol Grounds, the First Division wall be 
formed in the position indicated in column, by companies 
closed in mass. 



]6 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



The Civic Division will be conducted to the platform about 
the speakers' stand. 

The Third Division will be formed on the lefc of the First 
Division, in column by commanders, closed in mass. 

The Fourth Division will move to its position, immediately 
east of the foundation walls of the Capitol, and will be formed 
in close column. 

The Fifth Division will be formed at the left of the 
Fourth Division, in close column. 

The badge of the Chief Marshal and his aids will be yel- 
low ; of the Marshal and aids of the Military Division, red ; the 
Knights Templar will appear in the uniform of their order; 
the badges of the Marshal and aids of the Masonic Fra- 
ternity, blue; the Encampments of I. 0. 0. F. will appear in 
the uniform of their order ; the color of the badges of the Mar- 
shal and aids of Division of Lodges of I. 0. 0. F. will be 
purple. 

Marshals of Divisions Avill have entire control of the forma- 
tion of their respective Divisions, and of the changes of for- 
mation during the time of moving. 

The procession will not re-form after the completion of the 
ceremony of lajfing the Corner-Stone. The military compa- 
nies and Commanderies of Knights Templar will move from 
the ground, in charge of their respective company and Com- 
mandery commanders. 

Detail instructions will be given by Ihe Chief Marshal 
during the day. 

WILLIAM HUMPHREY, 

Chief Marshal. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 17 



l^mmonies at ih |aging of i\\\ Jhxm-%im 



MUSIC BY CROSETTE S CORNET BAND. 



INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS. 

BY GOVERNOR JOHN J. BAGLEY. 

Fellow-Citizens — In the name of the constituted authori- 
ties of the State, I bid you welcome to its capital. We have 
assembled for the purpose of laying the corner-stone of a 
new Capitol building, worthy of our State ; a fitting home for 
the different branches of its government. To those of us 
Avho have watched the growth of Michigan from infancy to 
manhood, the occasion recalls the toils and trials of early 
days, the anxieties and cares of pioneer life; while a par- 
donable egotism, as we look about us, tella of battles fought 
and victories won over Nature in her most rugged mood. 
To-day avc stand here as conquerors of forest and swamp, 
and can proudly say : '-If thou seekcst a beautiful peninsula, 
behold it here." 

In olden time temples and j)nblic buildings were erected, 
not alone for use, but as memorials of king or conqueror, and 
inscribed with records of their valor and heroism. The tem- 
ples have crumbled into dust — king and conqueror are for- 
gotten — metal and granite have disappeared — time has con- 



18 LAYING THE VORmJRSTONE 



quered all. And so it will be. Bnt our greater civilization, 
with its triumphs and inventive art and skill, makes it 
certain that, though buildings may crumble away and 
nations vanish, there will yet be left, somewhere, the history 
ot* to-day and all future days. Our record will be preserved. 
We shall not be judged in the distant future by the ruins 
of our buildings, dug up by the antiquary, but by the record 
of our deeds as individuals and communities, by our public 
acts, by our legislation, by our care for the public good. If 
wo make moral vtorth, honesty of purpose, and integrity of 
soul the pathway to public position — if our legislation is 
kept pure and sweet — if the common good is the common 
law, we shall leave behind us a history more enduring than 
brick or marble, a heritage richer than gold or precious 
stones. May this be the ambition of our time, and our 
hope for the future; remembering, always, that 

" The riches of the commonwealth, 
Are free, strong minds, and hearts of health ; 
And more to her than gold or grain. 
The cunning hand and cultured brain." 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 19 



PRAYER. 

BY RIGHT REV. SAMUEL A. McCOSKRY, D. D., LL. D. 

Almighty and Merciful God! We come before Thee, as 
children to a father. Thou hast created its, and redeemed us. 
Thou has brought us into the closest relationship with Thy- 
self, unworthy as we are, and undeserving of Thy kindness 
and care. Thy mercies are new every morning, and repeated 
every evening. We come before Thee with confidence, for 
Thou hast invited us to come, — with deep humility, for Thou 
art holy, and we are prone to sin against Thee, — with hope, 
for Thou hast promised to pardon and bless us. May our 
hearts be warmed with love to Thee for Thy unnumbered 
mercies to us. May we fear to offend Thee, and enable us 
to make Thy law the rule and guide of our life. Enable us, 
by Thy grace, to give our hearts and lives to Thee, the only 
return which Thou requirest for all the blessings we have 
received. We thank Thee for the goodly heritage which 
Thou hast given us; for the civil and religious privileges 
which we enjoy, and for the multiplied manifestations of 
Thy favor towards us. We thank Thee that Thou didst give 
wisdom to the fathers of our country, to lay the foundations 
of peace, liberty, and safety. We bless and adore Thy glorious 
Majesty for this Thy loving kindness and providence, and 
we liumbly pray that the devout sense of this signal mercy 
may renew and increase in us a true spirit of love and thank- 
fulness to Thee, — a spirit of obedience to Thy will, — a spirit 
of peaceable submission to the laws and government of our 
country, — a spirit of fervent zeal for our holy religion, which 



20 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



Thou bast preserved to ns, and whicli forms the basis of all 
our domestic, social, and civil happiuess. Preserve, Ave beseech 
Thee, to our country the blessings of peace, and secure them 
to all the people of the earth. Bless Thy servant, the Pres- 
dent of the United States, the Governor of this State, and 
Jill others in authority, and so rule their hearts and strengthen 
their hands, that they may punish wickedness and vice, and 
maintain Thy true religion and virtue. Look Avith favor, we 
beseech Thee, upon the services of this day. May the Corner- 
stone, now to be laid in Thy fear, remind us of Thy watchful 
care over us, call forth continued thankfulness for Thy 
mercies, and excite us to a grateful and ready obedience to 
Thy will. May no unholy strife and contentions be found 
Avithin these walls, — may truth and justice be always found 
therein, and may they long stand as a fitting monument of 
grateful and happy people, Avhose God is the Lord. Protect 
and guard all who are engaged in this Avork, from accident 
and danger. And finally. Merciful Father, when all the mate- 
rial temples of eartli shall crumble and decay, may we be 
found fitted to dwell forever in that temple not made with 
hands, eternal in the heavens. All Avhich we humbly ask. 
for the sake of our blessed Lord and Saviour. Amen. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. %! 



NATIONAL HYMN. 

Tune — " America." 

Mv country, 'tis of thee, . 
Sweet land of liberty, — 

Of thee I sing : 
Land where my fathers died, — 
Land of the pilgrims' pride, — 
From every mountain's side 

Let freedom ring. 

My native country, thee. 
Land of the noble free, 

Thy name I love : 
I love thy rocks and rills. 
Thy woods and templed hills,-- 
My heart with rapture thrills, 

Like that above. 

Our Father, God, to Thee, 
Author of Liberty, — 

To Thee we sing : 
Long may our land be bright 
With Freedom's holy light ; 
Protect us by Thy might, 

Great God our King. 



23 LAYING THE CORNERSTONE 



ORATION 





Your ExceUency, Members of the Legidature, Ladies and Gentlemen — 
Citizens of MicMgan : 

What is the lesson of the passing hour? What means this 
pageant? Whence this multitude ? Who are they? What 
brings them here? Why these upturned faces ? Why this 
eagerness to catch every word ? Why this all-absorbing inter- 
est in these ceremonies? 

We are indeed citizens of a great commonwealth. Here is 
to arise a structure of vast proportions and beautiful designs, 
at great expense, and all to be paid for from the earnings of 
the people. It might have cost twice as much, and exceeded 
in architectural beauty the finest model of modern or ancient 
times, and yet excited little of the interest shown here to-day. 
We are not attracted by the magnificence of the proposed 
structure, nor do we come to pay homage to any architectural 
design, however beautiful. Why then this absorbing interest? 
It is because the structure here to arise is associated in our 
minds with that government "of the peojole, by the people, 
and for the people," which we call our public. It is because 
this edifice is to be dedicated to the enactment and adminis- 
tration of such equal laws as will tend " to establish justice, 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 23 



and to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 
posterity *' for all time. That liberty, regulated by, and under 
the reign of, just and equal laws, laws that restrain the mere 
license of all, and thus secure the freedom of each to move io 
his or her own path of duty and of pleasure. As the planets^ 
each in its own proper orbit, instead of flying athwart the 
heavens in every direction, producing confusion and chaos, 
contributes to steady all the rest; so every citizen of a well 
regulated State, by enjoying his own liberty, under the whole- 
some restraint of equal and just laws, aids in securing to 
others the like precious boon. 

Our interest then centers, not in the magnificence of struc- 
ture or beauty of design, but in the uses to which it is to be 
devoted. In short, we here erect the house of a great and free 
State. This raises the question, what is a State? When is a 
State truly great ? When really free ? Is Michigan such a 
State in its present condition or future prospects ? It may be 
said a State cannot exist without a given amount of territor}-, 
with metes and bounds fixed with greater or less certainty. 
But the land or territory is far from being the State. We 
have found our 56,000 square miles of land, with fixed bound- 
aries, a very good place in which to erect a State ; but the 
land, with all its productive power, with its waving forests and 
mineral wealth, is far from being the State. With this terri- 
tory, as a place to put a State, we are more than satisfied- 
The State of Michigan is not two score years old, — its territory 
vras before Christopher Columbus. 

For many years this peninsula remained terra incognita; in 
the apprehension of many, a myth — a horrid place, abounding 
in swamps and marshes, and the very home of diseases dire. 



24 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 

uninhabited and nuiuhabitable. To penetrate it, you must 
take a canoe, and work your way through lagoons, soon to be 
stopped by disease, perchance death. To collect and rehearse 
the fabulous stories told, and sometimes believed, might, at 
this day, afford amusement, but after all would be a thriftless 
employment. Passing over the common gossip and fabulous 
canards of those earjy times, I content myself by citing such 
oflBcial action on the part of the government, as was believed 
to establish the worthlessness of what was then known as 
Michigan. On the Gth of May, 1812, Congress passed an act 
requiring that 2,000,000 acres of land should be surveyed in 
the then Territory of Louisiana, and a like quantity in the 
Territory of Illinois, north of the Illinois river, and the same 
quantity in the Territory of Michigan, in all 6,000,000 acres, 
to be set apai't for the soldiers in the war with Great Britain. 
Each soldier was to have 160 acres of land fit for cultivation. 
The lands were surveyed and appropriated under this law in 
Louisiana and Illinois, but the surveyors reported that there 
were no lands in Michigan fit for cultivation. Accordingly, 
oh the 29th of April, 181G, Congress passed an act repealing 
so much of the law of the 6th of May, 1812, as related to 
Michigan, and provided for taking 1,500,000 acres in Illinois, 
north of the Illinois river, and 500,000 acres in the Territory of 
Missouri, in lieu of the 2,000,000 acres which could not be 
found in Michigan. This would seem to be decisive. And 
yet, in 1830, fourteen years later, Michigan Avas found to have 
31,698 inhabitants, of whom 3,688 lived in that portion of the 
then Territory, lying the west side of Lake Michigan ; and 
in 1834, only eighteen years after the act of Congress referred 
to, this worthless territory was found to contain 87,373 inhab- 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 25 



itants. Two years later they framed a State Constitution, 
adopted a great seal, and for a motto threw the broad chal- 
lenge to the whole world, '• Si quwris Penhisnlam amcenam 
circumspice."' 

In the Congressional legislation referred to, the Government 
showed its regard for its soldiers. It had too high an appre- 
ciation of the value of their services, to, attempt to palm oflF 
on them the worthless lands of Michigan. Those Congress- 
men, in their simplicity, little thought that in less than fifty 
years, there would arise on this very territory, a great com- 
monwealth, one of the sisterhood of States, that should send 
forth to the great war for the defense of the national life, 
more soldiers than the nation had ever mustered in any one 
of its wars; ninety thousand soldiers, who should not only 
"keep step to the music of the Union," but bear full high 
the national banner, and illustrate American valor on every 
battle-field, from the great lakes to the Gulf. 

The legislation of Congress to which I have referred, was 
based on the report of the Surveyor General of Ohio, dated 
the 30th November, 1815, and on the 39th of April, 1816, was 
passed the repealing act, by which the soldiers were relieved 
of the supposed worthless lands of Michigan in payment of 
bounties. I need not weary you by reading here this report, 
hut shall publish it in a note to the text of this address.* Much 



* Extract from a letter of the Surveyor General of Ohio to the Commissioner of the 
General Land Office, dated Chillieothe, November 30. 1815, relative to the bounty land 
in Michigan, granted by act of May 6, 1812 : 

DEPUTY surveyor's REPORT. 

"Description of the military lands in Michigan. The country on the Indian bound - 
ary line, from the mouth of the great Auglaize River, and running thence for about fifty 
miles, is (with some few exceptions) low, wet land, with a very thick growth of under- 
brush, intermixed with very bad marshes, but generally very heavily timbered with 
beech, cottonwood, oak, etc. : tbeac3 continuing north, and extending from the Indian 

4 



26 LAYING THE CORNER- STONE 



less can I rehearse the statistics, showing the progressive steps 
of development since that time. I should weary you and 
transcend the proper limits of this address, by even stating the 
aggregates of our varied industries; of the wealth developed 
already; of our inexhaustible mineral wealth and agricultural 
resources, our natural manufacturing facilities, the steady 
increase of our population, and the general prosperity of our 
people. Fortunately I am relieved from any such necessity. 
Under a wise provision of law, the Secretary of State is 
required to publish these statistics, carefully collected and 
collated ; this duty has been carefully performed, and the 
volume is of easy access to all our people. Besides^ the 
committee of arrangements have wisely provided for a brief 



boundary eastward, the number and extent of the swamps increases, with the addition 
of numbers of lakes, from twenty chains to two and three miles across. Many of the 
lalies have extensive marshes adjoining their margins, sometimes thiclcly covered with 
a species of pine called ' tamarack.' and other places covered with a coarse, high grass, 
and uniformly covered from six inches to three feet (and more at times) with water. 
The margins of these lakes are not the only places where swamps are found, for they 
are interspersed througliont the whole country, and filled with water, as above stated, 
and varying in extent. The intermediate space between these swamps and lakes, which 
is probably near one-half of the country, is with a ver3' few exceptions, a poor, barren, 
sandy laud, on which scarcely any vegetation grows, except very small, scrubby oaks. 
In many places, that part which may be called dry land, is composed of little, short 
sand-hills, forming a kind of deep basins, the bottoms of many of which are composed 
of a marsh similar to the above described. The streams are generally narrow, and very 
deep compared with their width, the shores and bottoms of which are (with a very few 
exceptions) swampy beyond description: and it is with the utmost difHculiy that a 
place can be found, over which horses can be conveyed. 

" A circumstance peculiar to that country is exhibited in many of the marshes, by 
theirbeing thinly covered with a sward of grass, by walking ou which, evinced the exist- 
ence of water or a very thin mud immediately under their covering, which sinks from 
six to eighteen iuches from the pressure of the foot at every step, and at the same time 
rising before and behind the person passing over. The margins of many of the lakes 
and streams are in a similar situation, aad in many places are literally afloat. Oa' 
approaching the eastern part of the military lands, towards the private claims on the 
Straights and Lake, the country does not contain so many swamps and lakes, but the 
extreme sterility and barrenness of the soil continues the same. Taking the country 
altogether, so far as has been explored, and to all appearances, together with the infor- 
mation received concerning the balance, is so bad there would not be more than one 
acre oat of one hundred, if there would be one out of one thousand, that would in any 
case admit of cultivation." 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 



historic sketch of the most salient points of our progress, to 
be prepared by their secretary, and published with a report 
of this day's proceedings, which altogether supersedes the 
necessity of any elaborate statement in this connection. 

I shall, therefore, content myself, under this branch of my 
subject, with placing in juxtaposition, statements drawn from 
the report, by which the worthlessness of Michigan was sup- 
posed to be ofificially established, and the facts as they actually 
exist under the present state of develoj)ment. The report says :: 
"Taking the country altogether, so far as has been explored, 
and to all appearances, together with information received 
concerning the balance, is so bad, there would not be more 
than one acre out of one hundred, if there would be one out 
of one thousand, that would in any case admit of cultivation." 

Since the acquisition of the Upper Peninsula, in connection 
with the Toledo war, the whole area of Michigan, including 
both peninsulas, is about 35,000,000 acres, and, of course, one 
acre "out of one hundred" would be 350,000, and one acre 
"out of one thousand" would be 35,000 acres. Now, on the 
1st of June, 1870, as appears by the census returns, we had 
over 5,000,000 acres under actual cultivation, and more than 
10,000,000 of acres embraced in farms. These farms were of 
the cash value of |398,09G,74G.00, and their annual products 
were estimated at 182,171,561.00. The 10,000,000 of acres 
now embraced in farms, are but a portion of those that in 
"any case admit of cultivation," for already 20,000,000 of 
acres pay taxes as the property of individuals. 

The report, after describing the country as consisting of near 
"one half swamps," and the other half a sterile, barren waste,. 
says: "And it is with the utmost ditficulty that a place can be 



28 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



found, over which horses can be conveyed/' The only answer 
I can make to this, is to refer to the fact, that on the first of 
June, 1870, we had 229,274 horses, besides 2,362 mules and 
asses, and plenty of roads for them to travel on ; and that the 
owners of some of these horses, think they can get around 
about as well as anybody's horses. It might be added in this 
connection, that in addition to finding places "over which 
horses can be conveyed," we have found places on which we 
have built more than three thousand miles of railroad. 

The report proceeds : " On approaching the eastern part of 
the military lands, toward the private claims on the Straights 
<:ind LaJce, the country does not contain so many sivamps and 
lahcs, hut the extreme sterility and larrenness of the soil cofi- 
tinues the same." The country here described must embrace 
parts of Lenawee, Washtenaw, Oakland, and the west part of 
Macomb, Wayne, and Monroe counties. I see many people 
here from that section of the State. I trust they will forgive 
me for citing that portion of the report. I may seem cruel. 
They, poor fellows, probably, were not aware that they lived 
in a country of "extreme sterility and harrennessP In their 
blindness, they had supposed you would go far to find a 
country of equal extent of greater average productiveness, or 
a less proportion of waste land. 

I have dwelt upon the statements of this report because of 
its official character, and of the controlling influence that 
the supposed correctness of its statements had upon impor- 
tant congressional legislation. 

It shows that the framers of our first State constitution, by 
boldly challenging the world to look at this Peninsula, as in 
every way adapted to become the seat of a great and prosper- 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 39 



ous commonwealth, against popular prejudice aud official 
action, exercised a boldness, courage, and self-reliance which 
do them great honor, while our preseut abundant and varied 
resources, developed and to be developed, show that Provi- 
dence has placed here an exuberance of all those physical 
conditions necessary to the growth and maintenance of a 
great and prosperous State. 

They did not claim to then have a State. They said, '•' Si 
quceris Peninsiilam amcenam circumspice.'' They pointed to 
this peninsula as eminently suited to be the place for a State. 

We are told upon the highest authority, that " The powers 
that be, are ordained of God." And hence we may conclude, 
without presumption, that lie who made the world and all 
things therein. He Avho formed this peninsula, with its pro- 
ductive power and its hidden treasures, wills that it should be 
not only the abode of his creatures, but the seat of a great, 
prosperous, and free State. All our physical development for 
the thirty-seven years; all our increase of Avealth ; all the 
unfolding of our vast natural resources, are but the adorn- 
ment of the Peninsula, that she may the more effectively woo 
the Heavenly Pilgrim. As a bride adorns herself for her hus- 
band, so every successive day she puts on still more beautiful 
garments, and beckons the divinely appointed State to her 
bower. Her vast agricultural treasures, that block up the thor- 
oughfares and crowd the marts of the world, all utter their 
voice,— all say " Come." Her hundreds of thousands of tons 
of iron ore that annually come forth from their mountain 
seat, and leap into all the channels of the commerce of the 
world, say " Come."' Her rich and extensive copper mines 
say "Come." Her forests of boundless wealth wave their 



"30 LAYING THE CORNERSTONE 



welcome, and say ••Come."' From year to year she displays 
tier jewels, ever growing in brightness, and says with increased 
persuasiveness, "Si quceris Peninsulam amoenam. circumspice" 
The evidences are everywhere abundant that Providence 
designed and fitted this peninsula to be the abode of an indus- 
trious and happy people, the place of an advanced civilization, 
the seat of a great, prosperous, independent, and free State. 

What, then, is a State, in distinction from the territory 
'where it exists? A free government is simply the organized 
power of the good, consolidated and wielded to restrain the 
bad, and to protect the weak from the encroachments of the 
strong; or, in other words, to establish justice and secure the 
blessings of liberty to all the people. All courts interpret its 
Avill, and all executive officers execute its decrees. The sheriff 
goes forth with its processes, and even when supported by the 
posse comitatus, or the whole military power, he is only the 
minister of its will. Such a government is right in its con- 
ception and organization, andso far must receive the appro- 
bation of Heaven. " Order is Heaven's first law," and such 
a government, existing for, and securing the good of, the 
governed, is the "creature of God." We can hardly conceive 
of the existence of such a government, without admitting 
the truth of the fundamental axioms of the Declaration of 
Independence ; for such a government can only rightfully 
exist by the consent of the governed, and for the good of 
the governed. 

A State is the people in a given territory and their insti- 
tutions. 

A Free State consists of tlie people and such institutions as 
they make for themselves. 



OF IRE NEW CAPllOL. 31 



A despotic State consists of tlic people and such institu- 
tions as are imposed upon them. 

A free State lives in the will of its people! Public senti- 
ment shapes its course and controls its action ! We judge of 
a State by the same rule as of an individual. '' By their fruits 
ye shall know them." Their character must be determined by 
what they do; but if they do what public opinion demands, 
it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened and 
virtuous. Hence it has come to be an axiom, that the only 
true basis of a Republic is the intelligence and morality of its 
people. Experience goes far towards proving that the more 
closely the public morality is allied to, and springs from the 
perso.ial religion of the individual citizens, the better it endures 
the trial. The basis of public morality is the enlightened con- 
sciences of individual citizens. 

The first duty of every free State, commanded by the highest 
of all laws, the instinct of self preservation, — is to foster insti- 
tutions for the promotion of the intelligence and virtue of its 
people. Michigan's first Governor, in his first message, warns 
us that the ''liberty of a people cannot be forced beyond its 
intelligence." And he might have added, it cannot long sur- 
vive the decay of public morality. Governments rise and fall, 
and nations decay and pass away, but the great principles 
that pertain to rightful government, remain unchanged and 
nnchangeable. The Creator seems to have stamped his 
own immutability upon justice, and truth, and other like char- 
acteristics. 

Another important function of a State, is to provide for the 
unfortunate, — the deaf and dumb, the blind, and the insane. 
Humanity requires this at the hands of the State, since a kind 



3a LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



of treatment is often required, that friends and relatives could 
not furnish ; nor could any system of voluntary charity meet 
the case so well ; and since all are liable to these terrible 
calamities, it is proper that all should aid, under the control 
of the State, in making suitable provision for unfortunates of 
this class. 

To guard well the public health ; to provide for the com- 
mon defense; to preserve the public peace: to secure to every 
man the reward of his own toil; to secure freedom to worship 
according to the dictates of one's own conscience, and to dis- 
tribute equally the public burdens, are among the proper 
functions of the State. Let Michigan be tried by any or all of 
these, and she will not be found wanting. Her brief career of 
less than two score years, bas marked a progress in all those 
things that characterize a well developed State, that gives her 
a high position amongst her sister States of the Union. She is 
to-day, the '*New England of the INorthwest" in many of 
those things which should characterize a free State. Time 
Avill not permit me to present the details of what has been 
achieved under these several heads, but the steady and rapid 
progress in our educational institutions, challenges attention, 
even in this hasty sketch. Thirty years ago, Detroit, Michi- 
gan's chief city, had a population of a little more than 10,000. 
She had not at that time a public or common school, as they 
were called, of any kind, — much less a "free school," in the 
whole city. And now the number of children enrolled in 
schools absolutely free, is greater by at least three thousand, 
than the whole population at that time ; and that city appro- 
priates for the maintenance of her free schools this year, 
1161,150.00. Tbese schools had worked so efficiently, that on 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 33 



the first of June, 1870, notwithstanding tlie rapid growth and 
large influx of foreign population, it was found, by the census, 
that the whole number of persons above tlie age of ten years, 
who could not read, was only about six and eight-tenths per 
cent of the entire population, and of them five and five-tenths 
per cent were foreign born, and only one and three-tenths 
native born. On the 1st of June, 1870, less than four-sev- 
enths of the population of Detroit were native born, but only 
about one-sixth of the children in attendance were of foreign 
birth; showing that if our citizens of foreign birth had 
availed themselves of the advantage of the schools, to the 
same extent as did those to the manor born, the illiteracy of 
the city would have been reduced to still smaller proportions. 
But the tax-payers of our commercial metropolis should 
count themselves more than paid, by results so encouraging. 

Eesults have been equally satisfactory throughout the State. 
By the returns of 1873 it appears Ave had 79 stone school- 
houses, 595 brick, 4,153 frame, and 591 constructed of logs, — 
in all 5,418, and they were of the aggregate value of $7,470,- 
339.00. Their value had nearly quadrupled in the eight years 
immediately preceding, and public opinion is growing stronger 
and more healthy every day. The number of graded schools 
was 292. The whole number attending school that year was 
803,212. The whole number of qualified teachers Avas 11,642, 
and the whole amount paid for teachers' wages was 11,658,- 
891.54. The various denominational schools have, in their 
limited sphere, contributed to the education of the people. 
The State Normal School and our various colleges have helped 
to swell the army of qualified teachers. The University is the 
pride of the State, — an honor to the Nation, — and is destined 



34 LATINO TEE CORNER-STONE 



to share the glories of the world of letter?, with the older 
institutions of the world. 

The beneficial effects of these various educational institu- 
tions are apparent in the character of our population for gen- 
eral intelligence, morality, and patriotism. The census returns 
give rank to Michigan on the score of literacy, of which she 
may well be proud. The whole number of persons in the 
State, above the age of ten years, who could not read, was, on 
the first of June, 1870, 34,613 ; or less than three per cent of 
our population. The Avhole number of persons, at that time, 
in Massachusetts, above the age of ten years, unable to read, 
was 74,935, or more than five per cent of her population. In 
like manner, the census shows we beat Connecticut, Vermont, 
and Khode Island, — all the New England States, except two, — 
Maine and New Hampshire. Outside of Xew England and 
east of the Rocky Mountains we excel every State except Iowa. 
Something may be conceded to inaccuracies in collecting sta- 
tistics, and the varying force of obstacles to be overcome in 
diffferent States, snch as rapid growth of large cities, and the 
influx of different elements of foreign immigration. It is 
probably owing to causes like these, that Maine and New 
Hampshire make a better showing than Massachusetts and 
Connecticut, — and that Iowa beats Michigan. But after mak- 
ing due allowance, the results show with sufiHcient accuracy 
the power and yalue of the institutions themselves, and the 
fidelity of administration. Other States have done, and are 
doing, well, in building up and sustaining educational institu- 
tions; particularly the Northwestern States, (some of Avhicli 
we are glad to see represented here to-day). It is in no spirit 
of boasting that we have made these comparisons, but that 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 35 



we may do justice to the foresight, the wisdom, and the pat- 
riotism of the early founders of our comparatively new State, 
and the fidelity and vigor of all succeeding administrations. 

I trust I may be pardoned for lingering a little on this, — to 
me, a most interesting theme. Those of us who have passed 
the meridian of life, and whose heads are already whitening 
for the grave, naturally look to the inheritance that is to 
descend to our children, as the chief earthly good. And since 
intelligence and virtue are the only true basis of free govern- 
ment, we know that this inheritance may prove a blessing or 
a curse, according to the knowledge, the culture, and the char- 
acter of future citizens. It has been well said, that " culture 
should be placed above knowledge, and character should be 
I)laced above culture.'' It is not to be expected that new 
States, while comparatively poor, and wringing their bread 
from the sweat of their faces, should furnish so many scholars 
of a high grade, as the older and wealthy States. But it is 
essential that they should disseminate the knowledge they do 
have, through all their borders, to every hamlet and cottage 
in the land. 

Michigan has had sixteen Governors and acting Governors: 
and following the lead of the first, every one of them has 
proved faithful and true to these sacred trusts. To us it is a 
matter of joy as well as of pride and exultation, that amidst 
all the political strife and turmoil that characterize a new 
State of a somewhat heterogeneous population, amidst all the 
'•'ups and downs,'' the "outs and ins" of political warfare, — no 
party or faction in this State has disgraced itself by putting 
sacreligious hands upon our '"trust funds." All honor, then, 
to the memorv of Stevens T. Mason, and honor to all his sue- 



30 LATINO ^TIIE CORNERSTONE 



cessors, — living or dead ; for whatever we may think of their 
political creeds or minor faults, they proved true and faithful 
to these essential interests of the State. To you, sir, and to 
the present Legislature, we look with hope and with entire 
confidence, that vour administration will prove no exception^ 
ill this respect, to those that have gone before. We invoke 
you, one and all, by all those ties that bind good men to their 
country; we entreat you, as you would not ''plant thorns in 
your dying pillows," that you foster institutions for the 
unfortunate, — the deaf, the dumb, the blind, the insane, and 
that you stand "four square" against every attack, open oy 
covert, upon our educational and other trust funds ! 

Fellow- Citizens — Thirty -seven years ago our fathers 
modestly pointed to this peninsula, as a place well fitted to 
become the seat of a prosperous and free State. Since that 
time its exceeding fertility has been demonstrated. It has 
been made to yield, in great abundance and variety, food for 
the service of man and beast; it has poured forth mineral 
treasures that have astonished the world; its forests have 
yielded their wealth in rich profusion ; it has gathered a large 
population of industrious, moral, and happy citizens. These 
people are w'ell organized into a body politic ; they have 
enacted equal and just laws; they have a judiciary unim- 
peached and unimpeachable; they have faithfully executed 
their own laws ; they have established and maintained asy- 
lums for the unfortunate of every class; they have built 
school-houses of every grade, — from the little frame that shiv- 
ers in the wind, at the cross-roads, up to the noble structures 
of the graded schools that adorn all our vilhiges; and on 
through our colleges, to the University, — which is at once,. 



OF THE :N^EW CAPITOL. 37 



an honor to the State and Nation. They have made the 
means of education to every child, as free as the water that 
runs or the air that is breathed. By sending more than ninety 
thousand soldiers to defend the life of the Nation, they 
have demonstrated their ability to defend themslves in any 
emergency; in short, having established and maintained all 
those institutions, and performed all those acts that should 
characterize a great and free State, may we not, without pre- 
sumption now say: If you seek a beautiful peninsula, look! 
And if you seek a great, prosperous and free State, here it is! 
For such a State we build a new Capitol. We this day lay 
its corner-stone. It will be the third, in the order of time, 
occupied by the State; the first in the fitness of its appoint- 
ment. Our first Capitol was inherited from the general o-ov- 
ernment. It came as a sort of "dower,"' when we laid aside 
our territorial swaddling clothes. In it was written the first 
ten years of our State history. In it were enacted some wild 
and extravagant laws, ill-timed and injurious; but in it 
were laid, broad and deep, the foundations of the State, which 
will remain after we and our errors have been forgotten. On 
the wliole, its ten years' history was an honorable one. Its 
location was deemed unsatisfactory, and it gave place to a very 
modest successor, that sprung up upon a school section in an 
unbroken wilderness. Venerable old structure! It was not 
to be outdoue in the great cause of education. While its suc- 
cessor was privileged to augment the school fund, by chang- 
ing a school section from a wilderness to a prosperous city, it 
forthwith became the pioneer of all our graded schools. It 
still holds its place,— though dead, it yet speaks. It is dead 
as "The Capitol," but it stands a monument of usefulness. 
Like Samson of old, it slew more enemies of the State, by its 



38 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



death, than during all its life. Venerable old building ! first 
useful as a court-house, then as a territorial and State Capitol, 
but sublime as the model school-house; long may your dome 
beckon our generous youth to your portals! long may your 
spire point to heaven ! 

Our present State Capitol was built at a cost of $22,513 02. 
It used to be said in derision, that Gov. Barry paid for it by 
cutting and selling the hay in the old Capitol yard. That he 
did sell the hay, and carefully put the money in the treasury, 
is true; an act trifling in itself, but Avhen taken as an index 
of the rigid economy and stern integrity that characterized all 
his acts, it does him great honor. It was a time of great 
financial embarrassment, and John S. Barry has left a reputa- 
tion for the practice of these sterling virtues that no ridicule 
can injure. Trifling as was the cost of the rude structure, in it 
twenty-seven years of our history has been written ; in it have 
been developed and recognized principles; around it cluster 
associations of more value than marble walls or gilded spires ; 
in it have been recognized the rights of man as man ; in it 
our infant State has grown to manhood. Its successor is to 
cost more than fifty times as much money. But, although fifty 
fold more in cost, such has been the improvement in our finan- 
cial condition that we can pay for this one easier now, than we 
did the other twenty-seven years ago. Our State debt was as 
large then as now. The current annual interest and expenses 
had then, as now, to be met mainly by taxation. But the tax- 
able basis is now twenty-five fold greater than then, and such 
rate per cent as was necessary then to barely meet imperative 
demands for interest and expenses, would, if levied upon our 
present enlarged basis, produce a surplus that would pay the 
cost of this imposing structure, long before the echoes of the 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 39 



mechanic's hammer can die away. Let then the new Capitol 
arise in its splendor and magnificence, and let it stand as an 
emblem of our advanced position ; of the abounding prosper- 
ity of the State and of our people. Twenty-seven years ago 
the hardy pioneers were pushing their way into Michigan's for- 
ests. The first work was to cut logs for the rude cabin. The 
neighbors helped to place the logs in position. A little lum- 
ber, a little glass, and a few nails demanded a score of dollars 
in money. There was the rub ! But they struggled on, — they 
triumphed ! For their State they built a Capitol at a cost of 
$22,513 02, and had a hard struggle to pay for it. But econ- 
omy and labor conquered. The forests receded before their 
brawny arms ; their waving harvests yielded up their wealth ; 
the rude cabins have long since given place to neatly-painted 
farm-honses, built and paid for with far less sacrifice than their 
rude predecessors. And now these same pioneers are gathered 
here with upturned faces, — "with looks intent" and glisten- 
ing eyes, to lay broad and deep, the foundations of a Capitol, 
worthy of their State, worthy of themselves. Here let it rise, 
and let it stand as a symbol of the citizens' triumphs, and of 
the State's progress. And let the old one stand, until the 
destroying tooth of time has done its utmost, as a monument 
of the integrity and struggles of the times that produced it. 
Then shall our children and our children's children, as they 
look on this and on that, "thank God and take courage," and 
move on to the more perfect development of a system of gov- 
ernment, that shall recognize in their rights, every citizen as 
a citizen, and no citizen as anything more than a citizen, — 
and every man as a man, and no man anything more than a 
man. 

And let all the people say Amen and Amen. 



40 LATINO THE VORNER-STONE 



MASONIC CEREMONIES. 



Hugh McCuedy, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
Michigan, being in his place, was addressed by the Governor, 
as follows : 

Sir — It seems most fitting that yonr ancient and honorable 
fraternity shonld be invited to perform the ceremony of lay- 
ing the corner-stone of the new Capitol of the State of Mich- 
igan, and I now invite yon to do this, w^tli the iisnal forms of 
Masonry. 

The Grand Master then responded as follows : 

By invitation of the Governor of Michigan, and of the 
committee in charge, I am here in behalf the Fraternity of 
Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michi- 
gan, and on the part of the Grand Lodge of the State, to per- 
form, with them, the interesting ceremony of laying this 
corner-stone. Free Masons were originally a company of 
builders, whose monuments of matchless skill now adorn the 
world and challenge the admiration of the earth, — masterly 
models for modern imitation, — which had existed ever since 
symmetry began and harmony displayed her charm?. They 
were associated not only for the promotion of architectural 
science, but for the maintenance of that high order of integ- 
rity, which is the dictate of divine law. And, although the 
hand of time has brought our operative labors to a close, yet 
there is a peculiar fitness in calling upon the Ancient Frater- 
nity to shape and lay the corner-stone of this contemplated 
structure, to be erected at the bidding of a young but gener- 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 41 



ous commonwealth, and which shall rival in magnitude and 
grandeur, many an Eastern temple, that told its silent story to 
whispering winds, four thousand years ago. Though empires 
of the old world have risen, fionrished, and fallen ; dynasties 
have come and gone, and ages upon ages have rolled away, — 
yet this fraternity, true to its history and work, and stronger 
and higher than ever, stands here in the meridian splendor of 
the nineteenth century, to perform its grand and solemn cere- 
mony, taught by the fraternity that dates its dawn early 
enough to have had the wise King of Israel for a building- 
master. It may have outlived the circumstances of its origin, 
and the necessities which called it into existence may have 
long since passed away, no- longer to constitute a distinctive 
feature of the fraternity; but the hand of time has not been 
laid upon its grand living principle of charity, which stands 
to-day, and will forever remain the crowned queen among the 
virtues, until time shall cease. It may have no more monu- 
ments of stone to rear, yet never since the days of Hiram, 
King of Tyre, did it have a nobler mission than it this day 
performs. 

Springing from the science of light, its shining rays illumi- 
nate the world, and shed an effulgent brilliance from every 
ceremony. Its principl^es having the sanction of the Great 
Jehova!i, and laying their foundation deep in the truths of 
His revealed word, still inspire its work to-day. Moses dedi- 
cated the Tabernacle in the wilderness, and Solomon the 
Temple at Jerusalem. Our ancient brethren of Israel, also, 
dedicated their cities, and walls, and gates, and monuments, 
and buildings. 

The inspired Prophet sang never so sweetly as when he 
6 



42 LATINO THE CORNER-STONE 



chanted, '-' Behold I lay in Zion, a tried stone, — a precious cor- 
ner-stone, a sure foundation." To commence the building, 
therefore, on a " sure foundation," — a tried stone, — a precious 
corner-stone, — is an injunction from the Great Master of the 
Universe, and has more to commend it to our observance than 
tlie mere antiquity of the custom. In no view, then, is the 
application of the plumb, level, and square to the chosen cor- 
ner-stone, an idle ceremony. It must, be a perfect square 
strong and durable, well-formed, true and trusty, — and in 
these requirements, as well as in the implements we use^ every 
Mason and citizen may see the symbols of that noble man- 
hood, which stands on the plane of equality, and regulates its 
conduct by the Plumb Line of Eectitude, the Square of Vir- 
tue, and the Trowel of Brotherly Love. 

On the corner-stone, when it is Avell and truly laid, are 
poured the significant elements of corn, wine, and oil, — the 
emblems of Plenty, Refreshment, and Consolation. 

May the blessings, symbolized by these elements, descend 
upon all who are engaged in the work of erecting this build- 
ing, to be set apart for the use of the Executive, Legislative, 
and Jndicial Departments of this State ; and may the work 
prosper to a speedy and happy completion, and remain for 
centuries, a monument to the zeal, intelligence, and liberality 
of a great commonwealth, and to its devotion to the rights of 
men, and the honor of God. We are taught as we cross the 
Masonic threshold, or before we engage in any great and 
important undertaking, to invoke the aid and blessing of 
Deity. Our Right Worshipful Grand Chaplain will, therefore, 
approach the Throne of Grace, and ask the blessing of the 
Almighty God upon this great work. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 43 



Grand Chaplain, Ethan" Eat Clarke, of New Haven, 
Macomb county, then offered the following 

PRAYER. 
0, Thou eternal Jehovah, Grand Architect of the universe, 
grant Thy blessing npon this State, in all its diversity of 
interests. Endear to the hearts of this people this Capitol, 
from the laying of this corner-stone to its completion, and 
ever afterwards. May that wisdom that covered the top of 
Mount Sinai, Avhen Thou gavest the law to Thy servant 
Moses, the leader of ancient Israel, rest upon this Capitol. 
May this State continue to be, as it has been in the past, a 
prominent star in the nation's field of blue, even until the 
end of time, when Gabriel shall blow his trump, and swear 
that time shall be no longer. Grant this our prayer, for Thy 
great name's sake. Amex. 

The Grand Master then said : 

" Brethren, in accordance with ancient Masonic usage, we 
will now lay the corner-stone of this great fabric." 

The corner-stone was then elevated, and let down to its 
place, by three motions, — each of wiiich was saluted by artil- 
lery and the public grand honors. 

The Grand Master said : 

" If the Building Commissioners have prepared any articles 
to be deposited in this stone, they will now present them and 
a list thereof.-' 

Upon Avhich, the Secretary of the State Building Commis- 
sioners presented to the Grand Master, a massive copper box, 
inclosing a glass casket, hermetically sealed, containing his- 
torical documents and memorials, with a list of the same. 



44 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



By direction of the Grand Master, the Grand Treasurer, 
aided by the Grand Stewards, received the box and placed it 
in the corner-stone. 

The Grand Secretary then read a list of the contents of the 
DOic, placed in the corner-stone, as follows : 

1. History of Michigan, enrolled npon parchment. 

2. Declaration of Independence, enrolled npon parchment. 

3. Ordinance of Congress admitting Michigan into the ITnioD, 

enrolled npon parchment. 

4. Pamphlet containing the Constitution of the United States 

and the Constitution of the State of Michigan. 

5. Copy of Act providing for the erection of the Capitol. 

6. Copy of instructions to architects submitting designs for 

the Capitol. 

7. Copy of specifications for erection of Capitol. 

8. Annual Reports of the State Building Commissioners, for 

the years 1871, 1872, and 1873. 
0. Copy of Estimate and Voucher JJo. 13, for September, 
1873, showing cost of construction of Capitol to date. 

10. Copy of sheet of ledger bahmces for September 24, 1873, 

showing payments of each class, for construction, to 
date. 

11. Copies of all blanks used in the office of the State Build- 

ing Commissioners. 

12. Copy of Joint Resolution providing for laying the corner- 

stone. 

13. Copy of invitation to corner-stone ceremonies. 

14. Package containing deposits in corner-stone of the Terri- 

torial Capitol, erected in Detroit in 1823. 

15. The Holy Bible. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 45 



16. Eeports of all State Officers and Boards for the year 187;i» 

17. The Legislative Manual for 1S57, 1867, 1871, and 1873. 

18. Statistics of Michigan, compiled from the ninth census of 

the United States. 

19. Eeport of Michigan Commissioner of Insurance for 1873.. 
'ZQ. Vital Statistics of Michigan for the year 1870. 

21. Michigan School Laws, 1873. 

22. Michigan State Gazeteer, 1873. 

23. Transactions of the Grand Lodge of F. & A. M. of Michi- 

gan for 1873. 
24 Transactions of Michigan State Medical Society for 1873. 
25. Silver plate upon "which are inscribed the names of the 

Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Ltinsing for 1873. 
HQ. Lansing City Directory. 

27. Catalogue and Manual of the Lansing Library and Lite- 

rary Association. 

28. Copies of all the daily newspapers published in the State, — 

issue of September 27, 1873. 

29. Copies of the Lansing weekly newspapers. 

30. Pen used in signing the first Constitution of the State of 

Michigan in 1835. 

31. Impression from the Great Seal of the State of Michigan. 

32. Lithographic view of the new Capitol. 

33. Gold, silver, nickel, and copper coins of the United States, 

— coinage of 1873. 

34. Collection of copper cents of iifty-seven different years, 

from 1794 to 1857. 

35. Copper half-cent, — coinage of 1835, the year in which first 

State Officers were elected. 

36. Set of Compiled Laws of Michigan, 1871. 



46 LATINO THE CORNER-STONE 



37. Detroit City Directory, 1873. 

38. Eeport on crime and pauperism in Michigan for 1873. 

t39. Manual of Michigan Constitutional Convention for 1867. 

40. Catalogue of Michigan State Library, 1873. 

41. List of Officers of ^l. W. Grand Lodge of R & \. Masons 

of Michigan, officiating on occasion of hiving the corner- 
stone, enrolled upon parchment. 

42. Copy of programme of exercises, — corner-stone ceremonies. 

43. Copy of introductory address by Gov. John J. Bagley. 

44. Copy of prayer by Right Eev. S. A. McCoskry, D. D. — 

LL. D. 

45. Copy of address by Hon. William A. Howard. 

46. Copy of Masonic programme. 

47. Specimens of United States fractional currency. 

48. United States postal card. 

The Grand Architect then presented the working tools to 
the Grand Master, who handed the Square to the Deputy 
Grand Master, the Level to the Senior Graud Warden, and 
the Plumb to the Junior Grand Warden. 



Note. — The coins deposited, include a specimen of each denomination 
issued from the U. S. Mint in the year 1873, from $20, gold, to one cent, 
copper. 

The silver, nickel, and copper coins were donated by O. A. .Jenison, 
Esq., of Lansing. 

The collection of copper cents, from 1794 to 1857, was presented bj" 
Hon. John Greusel of Detroit. 

The Holy Bible deposited was presented by Messrs. Tunis & Parker 
of Detroit. 

The newspapers were all printed upon bond paper manufactured 
expressly for the purpose, and presented by the Detroit Paper Company. 

The pen used in signing the first State Constitution, in 1835, was pre- 
.sented by Hon. .John J. Adam of Tecumseh. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 47 



The Grand Master seated the Grand Lodge, and proceeded 
as follows : 

Grand Master— "Brother Deputy Grand Master, what is 
the proper jewel of your office ? " 

Deputy Grand Master — '• The Square." 

Grand Master — "What does it teach ? " 

Deputy Grand Master— "To square our actions by the 
square of virtue, and by it we prove our work." 

Grand Master— '• Apply your jewel to this Corner-Stone, 
and make report." 

Deputy Grand Master— *■' The Stone is square; the 
craftsmen have done their duty," 

Grand Master— " Brother Senior Grand Warden, what is 
the jewel of your oflfice ? " 

Senior Grand Warden—" The Level." 

Grand Master— "What does it teach ? " 

Senior Grand Warden— "The equality of all men. and 
by it we prove onr work." 

Grand Master— " Apply your jewel to this Corner-Stone, 
and make report." 

Senior Grand Warden— "The stone is level ; the crafts- 
men have done their duty." 

Grand Master— "Brother Junior Grand Warden, what is 
the jewel of your office ? " 

Junior Grand Warden—" The Plumb."' 

Grand Master—" What does it teach ? " 

Junior Grand Warden— "To walk uprightly before God 
and man, and by it we prove our work." 

Grand Master— "Apply your jewel to this Corner-Stone, 
and make report." 



48 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 

Junior Grand Warden — " The Stone is plumb ; the crafts- 
men have done their duty." 

The Senior and Junior Grand Deacons, bearing the Trowel 
and Gavel, then approached the Stone. 

The Grand Master, preceded by the Grand Marshal, 
advanced to the Stone, spread mortar upon it, struck it three 
blows with the mallet, returned to his place, and said: "I, 
Hugh McCurdy, Grand Master of Masons of the State of 
Michigan, declare this Stone to be plumb, level,, and square; 
to be well formed, true, and trusty."' 

The Grand Stewards then proceeded to the Stone, followed 
by the Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, and 
Junior Grand AVarden, bearing the Corn, Wine, and Oil. 

The Deputy Grand Master then scattered the Corn, saying : 
'• May the blessing of the Great Architect of the Universe rest 
upon the people of this State, and may the Corn of Nourish- 
ment abound in onr land.'' 

Eespouse by the Craft, — ''So mote it be.'" 

The Senior Grand Warden then poured the AVine, saying : 
'•' May the Great Architect of the Universe watch over and pre- 
serve the workmen upon this building, and bless them and 
our land with the heavenly Wine of Refreshment and Peace.'' 

Eesponse, — '•' So mote it be."' 

The Junior Grand Warden then poured the Oil, saying: 
'• May the Great Architect o{ the Universe bless our land with 
union, harmou}^, and love, — the Oil which maketh men to be 
of a joyful countenance."' 

Response, — '' So mote it be."' 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 49 



GRAND MASTER'S CLOSING ADDRESS. 



Fellow Citizens akd Bkethken : — In the name of the 
Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan, I 
now pronounce this corner-store laid to the glory of the great 
Architect of the Universe, and in exact justice to all men. 
As ages have looked down upon onr fraternity, so may suc- 
ceeding ages, and our grateful descendants look back upon 
this ceremony, and this important occasion. 

To Free Masons the one is full of meaniug, and is typical 
of the requirements of the good and just, handed down to us 
by the best of the sons of earth ; the other bids the people of 
Michigan to be of good cheer, and to remember that the mag- 
nitude of any event must be determined by its results of good 
or evil, in its influence upon the well-being and destinies of 
men. 

The past, in the brief history of our State, has written the 
story of our prosperity, in words too plain to be mistaken. Its 
outlines have been intombed in the solid rock, and now, as we 
hand them down to the long future, of which we can only 
speak with bated breath, otlier years, rounding into centuries, 
are before us. Let not the pride of achievement degenerate 
into vain boasting; but, accepting the past with feelings of 
devout gratitude, look calmly and heroically to the future, in 
a trustful resignation to its unknown ills, and a thankful 
anticipation of its unreached good. 

When Bishop Berkeley, nearly a century and a half ago, 
7 . 



L 



50 LAYING THE CORNERSTONE 



turned his eyes towards this fair laud, which we now inhabit, 
and closed a few prophetic lines of poetical prediction, — 
" Time's uoblest offspring is the last,"' 

he uttered uo exaggerated sentiment, but a prophecy that has 
already been fulfilled. 

The Assyrian, the Persian, the Grecian, and the Koman 
empires, the first four acts in the world's great drama, were 
emphatically empires of conquest, and dominion of man over 
man, but piercing into the darkness of futurity, the Empire 
which his great mind foretold in America, was the Empire of 
Freedom, Learning, and the Arts, — the dominion of man over 
himself and over physical nature, acquired, as well may be 
claimed, by the love of liberty, the inspirations of genius, and 
the toils of industry, — not cemented in the blood of human 
victims, — and founded not in discord, but in harmony, — of 
which the only spoils are the imperfections of nature, and the 
victory achieved is the improvement of the condition of all. 
In short, it is a conquest, in which man, under the operation 
of mild and wholesome laws, only subdues his fellow man. 

Fifty years ago, this State was an unbroken wilderness. 
Look now on its present picture of power and felicity, — this 
lovely Peninsular State, with all its happy homes, its hallowed 
memories, and beneficent institutions — its budding hopes of 
coming grandeur and untold magnificence. It has been an 
era of advancement, before which the coming historian will 
pause, and, seeing nothing over or beyond its margin, nothing 
of man's pride, will admiringly linger among its monuments 
and traditions, as his predecessors halted at the gates of 
Rome, and tarried amid the ruins of Attica and Greece. 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 51 



With us it lias been a period of colonization and growth, in 
which an empire has been carved out from the wilderness, and 
a new nation has sprung up, — like Minerva from the brain of 
Jove,— grander in proportions, more perfect in organization, 
more just in conception and administration, than the pom- 
pous principalities of the Eastern world. 

Illuminated by the wisdom of the past and the experience 
of all time, it has revealed to us that the political economy of 
the wisest sages, and the intellect and philosophy of the 
Augustan age, can be surpassed by the achievements of a 
few brief years, amid the unpolished denizens of a wilderness. 

Within that period, Michigan has sprung from territorial 
dependence to dominion and renown. Where in all the past 
of Eastern prowess can ingenuity discover the semblance even 
of its prototype ? 

Grateful for the prosperity of the past, and proud of the 
record which Michigan has already made in the strength of 
her nnmbers, — the achievements of science and the progress 
of art, — the conquest in political economy, the triumphs of 
freedom, the expansion of trade, and the diffusion of knov/1- 
edge,— let us not forget the great principles that underlie it, 
and has secured them all ; but stand firm in its defense, amid 
the war of opinions, and the tempest of conflicting passions. 
It is only by remaining true to the State, and standing fast to 
principle, that Ave have abundance in the land, peace in our 
time, and hope of still better things in the future. 

On the rugged coast of Scotland there runs out from the 
Grampian Hills a rocky headland, known in all time as Craig 
Ellachie. The turf cottages of Clan Grant are in sight of its 
hoary head, and its earnest, depending peasantry have for 



62 LAYING THE CORNER-STONE 



their war-cry, " Stand last, Craig Ellacliie." The wild war- 
riors of the hills, serving in the armies of England, are said 
by the eloquent March, to have cari'ied that cry around the 
world; and every time it runs along the line, in making the 
terrible charge, or resisting the more fierce attack, the brave 
Highlanders assume to themselves the steadfastness of the rock 
which looks down upon their distant homes. The remem- 
brance of that rugged and storm-beaten craig nerves the heart 
of the Scottish soldier when shivering in the icy winds of the 
north, or fainting in the noonday heat of the tropical climes. 

Wherever the hour of peril finds him, and his thoughts 
wander away off to the home of his childhood, the cry comes 
from that hoary rock, " stand fast.'' 

And so, from the defenders of the truth, in all time, there 
comes to us in all seasons the clarion cry, "stand fast." The 
example of their constancy rises up amid all the conflicts of 
the past, like the rocky headland facing the storm, or holding 
the beacon on the shore of the treacherous sea. Let us assume 
the strength of their faith and courage, and taking up the 
cry that comes to us from far distant ages, give it; new life 
and power by our fidelity, as we pass it along to all in the ser- 
vice of the State, — "stand fast!" 

The Komans possessed a shield, said to have descended 
from Heaven, Avhich so long as it remained at the Capitol, the 
sceptre of empire could not depart from the nation. We, too, 
Jiave a shield, spreading its protection over every vulnerable 
part of the State, coming from the same Divine Bestower, and 
which, so long as it remains among us, our prosperity and 
happiness will be maintained inviolate. It is the people's love 
of liberty 1 God grant that this love may warm the heart of 



OF THE NEW CAPITOL. 53 



every citizen, and protect in its might the citadel from inva- 
sion, throwing walls of adamant aronnd the ballot, — 

•'That mighty weapon, firmer set, 
Ami better than the bayonet, — 
A ■weapon that comes down as still 

As snow-flakes fall upon the cod, 
But executes a freeman's will, 

As lightning does the will of God." 

E. W. Grand Marshal: you will please make your procla- 
mation. 

This proclamation the Crand Marshal made as follows : 
"In the name of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free 
and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, 

" I proclaim, That the corner-stone of the new Capitol of 
the State of Michigan has this day been found square, level, 
and plumb, — true and trusty, — and laid according to our 
ancient cnstoms, by the Grand Master of Masons/' 

The Grand Master announced that the Masonic ceremonies 
would conclr.de with the Benediction, which was offered by 
the Grand Chaplain, as follows: 

May the blessing of Jehovah, the Eternal, Invisible, and 
All-wise God, our Creator, abide with this people, now and 
forevermore, — Amen". 

Upon the conclusion of the Masonic ceremonies, the entire 
assemblage united in singing the following 

HYMN. 
Tune— OM Hundred. 
With one consent let all the earth 

To God their cheerful voices raise ; 
Glad homage pay with awful mirth. 
And sing before Him songs of praise. 



54 LAYING TUE CORNER-STONE. 

For He's the Lord, supremely good, 

His mercy is for ever sure ; 
His truth, which always firmly stood, 

To endless ages shall endure. 

Praise God from whom all blessings flow. 
Praise Him all creatures here below. 
Praise Him above, ye heavenly host. 
Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. 

The exercises concluded with the following Benediction, 
by the Eev. Noah Fassett: 

May the blessing of Him " who hath laid the foundations 
of the earth, Avho npholdeth all things by the word of His 
power," and without whom, " they labor in vain that build," 
graciously rest upon the Governor of this State, upon all 
clothed with Legislative or Executive anthorit}^ upon the 
Mayor and Council of this City, upon the Architect to whom 
is committed the responsible work of erecting this State Cap- 
itol, upon our civil, literary, and religious institutions. And 
may the enlightening, the purifying, and the guiding influ- 
ences of the Holy Ghost richly rest upon the whole people of 
this Commonwealth, and the grace of our Lord and Saviour, 
Jesus Christ, be upon, and abide with you all, evermore, — 
Amex. 



HISTORY 



MICHIGAN 



FROM IT? 



SETTLEMENT BY THE ERENCH 



Laying of the Corner- Stone 



NEAV CAPITOL, OCTOBER 2V, 1873. 



TO WHICl! IS ADDED 

A list of the Principal Officers of the United. States, the State 
Officers and. State Boards of Michigan, and the Mem- 
bers of the Legislatures of 1871 and 1878; also, 
a list of Newspapers and Periodicals 
pubHshed in the State. 



COMPILED BY 

AiL.LETsr L. BoxjjRS, 

"ECIIETART OP THE BCIAHD OF STATE BCILDINO COMMISSIONERS 
X873,. 



A 



^ 



Compiled under a resolution of the Committee of Arrangements; 
the original copy, enrolled upon parchment, was deposited in the 

Corner -Stone, 




^HE preparation of a history, embracing the 
most important events, changes in govern- 
ment, etc., from the iirst settlement of Michi- 
gan to the 2:)resent time, is an undertaking involving 
no small amount of labor and patient research. 
Among the various histories of the State, published 
from time to time, few are accurate and reliable ; 
many conflicting statements are found in regard to 
important events. The compiler of this history has 
carefully examined all the best authorities now to 
be found ; and especially in the preparation of sta- 
tistics, has relied only upon ofiicial information. 
Much that is valuable has been gleaned from 
Bancroft's History of the United States, Shel- 
don's Early History of Michigan, the Discourses 
of Lewis Cass and others before the Michio;an 
Historical Society, Lanman's History of Michi- 
gan, McMullen's History of Canada, Miles' His- 
tory of Canada, and Bouchette's British Dominions. 



58 FREFAQE. 



The account of the iioble record of Michigan 
during the rebellion from 1861 to 1865, is condensed 
from the very able report of Brigadier General 
John Kobertson, Adjutant General of the State. 
The statements of population are from the official 
records of the Secretary of State and the United 
States Census Bureau, and other statistics are 
obtained from the reports of State officers. The 
compiler makes no claim to originality in the history 
here produced ; his only aim has been to condense 
from the writings of others, a concise statement, 
showing the early condition and rapid advancement 
to the glorious position now occupied by the 
Peninsula State. 



y 



JI^ICHIGAX derives its name from the Indian words 
^^PP§? "Mitchi Sawgi/egaii/' the meaning of which, is the 
3l\^' "Great Lake," or "Lake Country," u name pecu- 

^-^ liarly appropriate from the position it occupies; 
having Lake Superior for its northern boundary, Lakes 
Erie, St. Clair, and Huron on the east, and Lake Michigan 
on the west. The extent of its domain is 50,243 square 
miles. 

Previous to the year 1041, the territory now embraced 
within the limits of the State, was inhabited only by the red 
man, though Detroit, as far back as the year 1G20, then an 
Indian village, was the resort of the French missionaries. In 
1639, a plan for the establishment of missions in '-jSTevv 
France" was formed; but as the French, in consequence of 
the hostility of the Mohawks, were excluded from the navi- 
gation of the waters of Lakes Ontario and Erie, their only 
avenue to the West was the Ottawa Kivei-, through which, in 
the year 1641, the first bark canoe laden with French Jesuits, 
Avas paddled to the Falls of St. Mary, which they reached 
after a navigation of seventeen days. Charles Raymbault, the 
first missionary to the tribes of Michigan, returned in the 
year 1642, to Quebec, in consequence of declining health. 



CO HI8T0BY OF MICHIGAN. 



Thus, at this early period, tlie French advanced their mis- 
sionary posts beyond the shores of Lake Huron, and to the 
outlet of Lake Superior. 

The first settlement commenced by Europeans within the 
boundaries of Michigan, was the mission of St. Mary, which 
was established in the year 1668, by Allouez, Claude Dablon, 
and James Marquette. In May, 1671, a Congress of French 
soldiers, and chiefs from fourteen of the Indian tribes of the 
Northwest, was convened at the Falls of St. Mary, called by 
Nicholas Perrott, an agent of the French government, at 
which time and place a cross and a cedar post, bearing upon 
a shield the French lilies, was raised, — the lands formally 
taken possession of by M. de Lusson, and the savages were 
informed that they were under the protection of the French 
King. 

The death of Marquette, on the 18th day of May, 1675, is 
thus recorded by Bancroft: "In sailing from Chicago to 
Mackinac, he entered a little river in Michigan; erecting an 
altar, he said mass, after the rites of the Catholic church; 
then begging the men who conducted his canoe to leave 
him alone for half an hour, — 

' In the darkling wood, 
Amid the cool and silence, he knelt down 
And offered to the Mightiest, solemn thanks 
And supplications.' 

At the end of half an hour they went to seek him and he was 
no more. The good missionary, discoverer of a world, had 
fallen asleep on the margin of a stream that bears his name. 
Near the mouth, the voyagers dug his grave in the sand." 
Michilimackinack (now written Mackinac, or Mackinaw), 



mSTOBY OF MICHIGAN. 61 



was one of the oldest forts erected. Its foundation was laid 
in the year 1G71, by Father Marquette, who induced a party 
of Hurons to make a settlement at that place, as a nucleus 
for a future colony. At that period, no permanent settlement 
had been made at Detroit, as the French had a more direct 
and safer route to the upper lakes, from Montreal to Michili- 
mackinac, through the Ottawas or Grand Eiver. The post of 
Detroit was regarded alike by the French and English, as a 
valuable point, and both nations were considering measures 
for its acquisition. A grand council was called, which con- 
vened at Montreal, and was composed of chiefs of the various 
tribes, from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi, the Governor- 
general of Canada, and the most prominent siegneiirs of 
the country. This council is described by French historians, 
as the most numerous and imposing assemblage ever collected 
around one council fire. In the month of June, 1701, Mons. 
Antoine de la Motte Cadillac, under a commission from Louis 
XIV., left Montreal in company Avith a hundred men and a 
Jesuit missionary, with all the necessary means for the estab- 
lishment of a colon}', and reached Detroit in the month of 
July. 

♦'Here, then, commences the history of Detroit, and with it 
the history of the Peninsula of Michigan. How numerous 
and diversified are the incidents compressed within the period 
of its existence! No place in the United States presents such 
a series of events, interesting in themselves, and permanently 
affecting, as they occurred, its progress and prosperity. Five 
times its flag has changed, three different sovereignties have 
claimed its allegiance, and since it has been held by the 
United States, its government has been thrice transferred; 



«2 mSTORT OF MICHIGAN. 



twice it has been besieged by the Indians, once captured in 
war, and once burned to the ground."'* 

On the 13th of September, 1759, a battle occurred between 
the French under Gen. Montcalm and the British army 
under Gen. Wolfe, on the banks of the St. Lawrence, result- 
ing in the defeat of the former, and the capitulation of 
•Quebec on the 18th, to Gen. Murray, who was successor in 
command to Gen. Wolfe, who fell in the engagement ; and on 
the 8th of September, 17(50, the French surrendered to the 
crown of England, Detroit, Michilimackinac, and all other 
places within the government of Canada then remaining in 
the possession of France. This action Avas ratified by the 
^- Treaty of Paris," February 10th, 1763. 

In the year 1772 silver was discovered upon the shore of 
Lake Huron by a Russian named Norburg. 

In 1773 a project Avas commenced for working the copper 
mines of Lake Superior, and a company was formed for that 
purpose, under a charter granted in England. 

The struggle for independence under the American Eevoln- 
tion was enacted without the bounds of Michigan. The peo- 
ple of Canada, within which Michigan was then included, 
were removed from the immediate causes of the war. The 
result of the Revolution was the recognition of our inde- 
pendence. 

"By the 'treaty of peace" made at Versailles in 1783, 
between Great Britain and the LTnited States, it was claimed 
that Michigan was within American bounds, but minor ques- 
tions sprung up between the two governments, producing 
mutual dissatisfaction : and when President Washington sent 



*Cass' discourse. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 63 



Baron Steuben to Quebec, to make arrangements for the trans- 
fer of the Northwestern forts, he was informed by Sir Freder- 
ick Haldimand that the surrender of the forts would not take 
place at that time, and was refused passports to Niagara and 
Detroit/' * 

By an ordinance of .the Congress of the United States, 
passed July 13th, 1787, the whole of the territory of the 
United States lying northwest of the Ohio river, though still 
occupied by the British, was organized as the " Northwest 
Territory,"' of Avhich Gen. Arthur St. Clair Avas appointed 
Governor. 

The ordinance of 1787 provides that there shall be 
appointed, from time to time, by Congress, a Governor, a 
Secretary, and three Judges, who should be residents and free- 
holders within the territor}^ It further provides that the 
territory should be divided into not less than three, nor more 
than five States, and that "there shall be neither slavery nor 
involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in 
the punishment of crimes." 

In pursuance of the treaty of November 10th, 1794, Cap- 
tain Porter, in the beginning of June, 1796, with a detach- 
ment of American troops, took possession of Detroit, entered 
the fort, Avhich the British had previously evacuated, and 
llung to the breeze the first American flag that ever floated 
over the soil of the Peninsula State. 

By an act of Congress, approved May 7th, 1800, the terri- 
tory northwest of the Ohio Eiver, was divided into two sepa- 
rate territories, and "all that part of the territory of the 
United States, northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the 

* Sheldon's Early History of Michigan. 



64 HISTORY OF MICHIQAN. 



westward of a line beginning at the Ohio, opposite to the 
mouth of the Kentucky Eiver, and running thence to For 
Recovery, and thence north until it shall intersect the ter- 
ritorial line between the United States and Canada/' was 
constituted a separate territory, to be called the "Indiana 
Territory,"' the seat of government of which was established 
at Saint Vincennes, Chilicothe being the seat of government 
of the Northwest Territory. Of this Territory (Indiana), 
General William Henry Harrison was appointed Governor. 

By an act of Congress, approved January 11, 1805, it was 
provided, " that from and after the thirtieth day of June of 
that year, all that part of Indiana Territory, which lies north 
of a line drawn east from the southerly bend, or extreme, of 
Lake Michigan, until it shall intersect Lake Erie, and east 
of a line drawn from the said southerly bend, through the 
middle of said lake to its northern extremity, and thence due 
north to the northern boundary of the United States, shall 
constitute a separate Territory, and be called Michigan."' 

The act further provides that the Territory shall have the 
same form of government as provided by the ordinance of 
1787, that the Governor, Secretary, and Judges shall be 
appointed by the President of the United States, and that 
Detroit shall be the seat of government. 

On July 1, 1805, General William Hull, the newly appointed 
Governor, assumed the duties of his oflSce at Detroit. On 
the 11th of June previous, Detroit had been destroyed by fire. 
Like most of the frontier settlements, it had been compressed 
within a very small compass, — the streets scarcely exceeding 
the breadth of common alleys. Gen. Hull at once turned 
his attention to the subject, and laid out the town in its pre 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 65 



sent shape, the arraDgenient of Avhich is attributed to Judge 
Woodward, one of the pioneers of the Territorial Conrt. 

On the 18th of June, 1812, war was declared by Congress 
against Great Britaiu. Previous to, and iu anticipation of 
the declaration of war, General William Hull, Governor of 
Michigan Territory, was appointed Commander-in-Cliief of 
all the forces of the Northwest. 

On the 9th of Jul}^ Gen. Hull received orders from the 
Secretary of War, to proceed with his army and take pos- 
session of MaldeU; (which was the key to that portion of the 
British provinces), if consistent with the safety of his posts. 
The garrison was weak, and seemed an easy conquest. Hav- 
ing arranged for the expedition, Gen. Hull crossed the Detroit 
river on the 19tli day of July, and encamped at Sandwich, 
where the army remained in a state of inactivity for nearly a 
month, when, intimidated by the hostile manifestations of 
the Indians, and the report that a large British force would 
soon arrive at Maiden, without having made an attack, he 
recrossed the river to Detroit, on the 9th of August, where he 
remained nntil the 15th, the day of his inglorious surrender. 
A provisional government was established by the British, at 
Detroit, and a small force placed in the Fort. On the 10th 
of September, 1813, the victory of Commodore Perry, in the 
Battle of Lake Erie, resulted in restoring Michigan to the 
Union, and on the 29th of the same month Detroit was 
occupied by a detachment of the army of Gen. Harrison. 

On October 9th, 1813, Col. Lewis Cass, who had rendered 

essential service to the Territory, was appointed Governor of 

Michigan. Congress, in the year 1823, by an act providing 

for the establishment of a Legislative Council, invested the 

9 



66 HISTOBY OF MICHIGAN. 



Territory with a more ouergetic and compact government. 
The Council was to consist of nine members, to be appointed 
by the President of the United States, Avith the consent of the 
Senate, from eighteen candidates elected by the people of the 
Territory. They, with the Governor, were invested with the 
same powers which had been granted by the ordinance of 1787 
to the government of the Northwest Territor}'. By that act 
the legislative power of the Governor and Judges was taken 
away, the term of judicial office was limited to fonr years, 
and eligibility to office required the same qualifications as the 
right of suffrage. The first Legislative Council of Michigan 
convened on the 7th of June, 1824, at Detroit. 

In 1831, Gen. Cass having been appointed Secretary of War, 
he was succeeded by George B. Porter in the government of 
the Territory. During his administration, Wisconsin, which 
had before been annexed to Michigan, was erected into a 
separate Territory. 

On the Gth of July, 1834, Governor Porter died, and was 
succeeded by Stevens T. Mason. 

In the spring of 1835, a controversy arose in regard to the 
boundary line between Michigan and Ohio, and the right to 
a valuable strip of land, to which both laid claim ; the former 
under the provisions of the Ordinance of 1787, and the latter 
under a provision in their State Constitution. Each party 
sent a military force to the frontier, — the one to sustain, and 
the other to extend jurisdiction over the territory in dispute. 
A high state of excited public feeling existed, but the most 
serious inconvenience suffered by either party was the appre- 
hension and temporary imprisonment of a few persons. By 
an act of Congress, passed June loth, 1836, the Constitution 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 67 



and State Government of Michigan were accepted, and upon 
condition of accepting the boundary claimed by Ohio, she was 
admitted into the Union. These terms were exceedingly 
unsatisfactory to the people of Michigan, who were impa- 
tiently awaiting recognition as a State government, having 
elected their State officers in the month of October of the pre- 
vious year. A convention held at Ann Arbor on the 14th 
and 15th of December, 183G, resolved to accept the condition 
imposed in the proposition of Congress, at the same time 
protesting against the right of Congress, under the. constitu- 
tion, to require this preliminary assent as a condition of admis- 
sion into the Union. 

By act of Congress, approved January 2Gth, 1837, Michigan 
was declared "to be one of the United States, and admitted 
into the Union on an equal footing with the original States? 
in all respects whatever." 

By an act of the Legislature, approved March 16th, 1847, 
the seat of government was removed from Detroit to 
Lansing. 

The Constitution adopted by Michigan in 1835, and under 
which her existence as a State commenced, continued in force 
until January first, 1851, at which time the Constitution 
reported by the Convention of 1850, and ratified by the peo- 
ple, at the general election in that year, went into effect, and 
continues to the present time, as the Constitution of the 
State. 

The Legislature of 1873, by a Joint Kesolution approved 
April 24th, provided for the appointment by the Governor, of 
a Commission, to consist of two persons from each Congres- 
sional District in the State, in all, eighteen members, for the 



68 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



purpose of revising tiie Oonstitufcion, and reporting to the 
Legislature, at its next session, '"'sucli amendments, or sucli 
revision to the Constitution, as in their judgment may be 
necessary for the best interests of the State and the people/' 
The Governor appointed the following named persons to 
constitute the Commission : 
1st District — Ashley Pond, Detroit. 

Elijah W. Meddaugh, . . Detroit. 

2d District — Edwin Willits, .... Monroe. 

Sullivan M. Cutcheon, . . Ypsilanti. 
3d District — Charles Upson, . . . Coldwater. 

Isaac M. Crane, . . Eaton Eapids. 
4th District — Hezekiah G. Wells, . . Kalamazoo. 

Henry H. Eiley, . . . Constantiue. 
5th District — Solomon L. Withey, . . Grand Eapids. 

Lyman G. Mason,* . . . Muskegon. 
Gth District — Ira D. Crouse, .... Hartland. 

Lysander Woodward, . . Eochester. 
7th District — John Divine, .... Lexington. 

Edwin W. Giddings, . . . Eomeo. 
8th District — David H. Jerome, . . . Saginaw. 

Herschel H. Hatch, . . Bay City. 

9th District — Seth C. Moffatt, . . . Northport. 

James E. Devereaux, . . Marquette. 
The Commission convened in the Senate Chamber at the 
city of Lansing, on Wednesday, August 27th, and organized 
by the election of Sullivan M. Cutcheon Chairman, and 
Henry S. Clubb Secretary. At the time of closing this his- 
tory, it is still in session. 



* Resijrncd, and succeeded by William M. Ferpt of Grand Haven. 



HISTOBT OF MICHIGAN. 69 



MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION. 



Ou the 12tli of April, 186], the news was received in Mich- 
igan, that civil war had been inaugurated, by the rebels, at 
Charleston, South Carolina, firing upon Fort Sumpter. On 
the following day a meeting was held in Detroit, at which 
resolutions were adopted, repudiating the Eebellion, and 
pledging this community to "stand by the Government to 
the last." By the following Monday (April 15th), when the 
surrender of the South Carolina fortress was known through- 
out the land, and the call of the President of the United 
States for 75,000 volunteers had been received, the entire 
State was alive to the emergencies and duties of the hour, 
and the uprising of her people was universal. Public meet- 
ings were held in the principal cities and towns; pledges of 
assistance to the nation in its hour of peril were made, and 
volunteering commenced vigorously. 

On April 16th, Governor Blair arrived at Detroit and con- 
sulted with a number of citizens. The State had been called 
upon to furnish immediately, to the General Government, 
one Infantry Kegiment, fully armed, clothed, and equipped. 
During the same day a proclamation was issued by the Gov- 
ernor, calling for ten companies of volunteers. Ou April 23d 
the Governor issued a proclamation, convening the Legisla- 
ture in extra session on May 7th. 

On April 24th, the Adjutant-General issued an order, organ- 
izing the First Kegiment of Infantry, and appointing its field 
officers. The rendezvous was fixed at Fort Wayne, and the 



70 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 

various companies ordered to assemble tiiere immediately. 
Tlie " Cold water Battery" Avas authorized, and rapidly 
recruited. On the 2d of May the companies of the First Eeg- 
iment were mustered into service, and three other regiments 
had been formed. The Legislature convened on the 7th, and 
within four days authorized a war loan of one million dollars, 
and empowered the Governor to raise ten regiments. 

On May 13th, the First Regiment left for the seat of war, 
fully armed and equipped ; the organization of regiments, 
authorized by the Legislature, was rapidly pushed forward, and 
the requisitions for men promptly met. In January, 1862, 
the Legislature was again convened in extra session, and the 
following Joint Eesolution was adopted: 

" Whereas, The Government of the United States is 
engaged in putting down a causeless and Avicked rebellion 
against its authority and sovereignty, inaugurated by ambi- 
tious men to obtain political power, — a GoA'ernment, the safety 
and perpetuity of Avhich must ever rest upon the loyalty of 
its citizens, and an adiierence to the Constitution; 

"And Whereas, The Avelfare of mankind, and the useful- 
ness and poAver of the nation, are involved in the events and 
issues of the present conflict; therefore, be it 

" Resolved, That Michigan, loyal to herself and to the Fed- 
eral Government, re-affirms her undying hostility to traitors, 
her abiding love for freedom, and her confidence in the 
wisdom and patriotism of the National Administration. 

"Eesolved, That the people of Michigan deem it the impera- 
tive duty of the Government to speedily put doAvn all insur- 
rection against its authority and sovereignty, by the use of 
every Constitutional means, and by the employment of every 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 71 

energy it possesses; that Michigan stands lirni in her deter- 
mination to sustain, by men and treasure, the Constitution 
and the Union, and claims that the burden of loyal men 
should be lightened as far as possible, by confiscating, to the 
largest extent, the property of all insurrectionists; and that 
as between the institution of slavery and the maintenance of 
the Federal Government, Michigan does not hesitate to say, 
that in such emergency, slavery should be swept from the 
land, and our country maintained." 

How truly the sentiment of the people of Michigan was set 
forth by their representatives in the State Legislature, the 
future success in furnishing men and money for the defense 
of the nation's honor, will abundantly testify. 

From April, 1861, to April, 18G5, the entire period of the 

war, the number of men enlisted and drafted, exclusive of 

men who enlisted in regiments of other States, as shown by 

records of the Quartermaster General, was . . 92,729 

Deducting from this aggregate the number of men 

commuting 1,982 



Shows the number actually furnished and credited to 
the State 90,747 

When it is remembered that the entire population of Mich- 
igan in 1804 was 803,745, and that 90,747 able-bodied men 
took up arms in defense of the Union, the State may well be 
proud of the record. Ko other State in the Union has given 
to the defense of the nation a more patriotic, intelligent, and 
moral body of men than those who composed the Michigan 
regiments ; not taken from the worthless and idle of large 
cities, but mostly from the good and industrious vocations 
of life. 



72 HISTORY OF MICHIQAN. 



The payments dnriiig the war by the Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral, for bounties, premiums for recruits, and other war pur- 
poses, amount to 12,784,408.00 ; the payments by counties, 
cities, and townships for same purposes, amount to $10,173,- 
336.79 ; the payments by counties for relief of soldiers' fami- 
lies amount to 13,591,248.12; making an aggregate of $16,- 
548,992.91, besides liberal appropriations by the State for the 
relief of disabled and destitute soldiers. 

CASUALTIES OF THE WAR. 

The State of Michigan, gratefully realizing and duly appre- 
ciating the noble sacrifice of life made by so many of her gal- 
lant sons upon the altar of their country's liberty, who fell 
while bravely contending for our national life, and honoring 
the State; desiring to perpetuate their memory by inscribing 
their names upon a roll of imperishable honor, to pass into 
the future as a bright and lasting record of their patriotism 
and true devotion to American nationality and freedom, 
worthy the highest and purest veneration of their fellow- 
countrymen for all coming time ; through her Legislature, by 
a Joint Resolution, approved April 3d, 1869, caused the com- 
pilation upon parchment, under the direction of Gen. John 
Robertson, Adjutant General, of a ''Roll of Honor" of Mich- 
igan soldiers who fell in battle, or who died of wounds or of 
disease. This roll is deposited in the State Library, and con- 
tains the names of 357 commissioned officers, and 14,460 
enlisted men, — a total of 14,823 men, — who fell in defense of 
their nation's honor, from the year 1861 to 1865. 



HISTOBT OF MICHIGAN. .73 



INSTITUTIONS OF THE STATE. 



EDUCATIONAL. 



The ordinance of Congress, passed in 1787, providing '-'for 
the government of the Territory of the United States, north- 
Avest of the river Ohio," declared that '"'religion, morality, and 
knowledge, being necessary to good government and the hap- 
piness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall 
forever be encouraged." 

PPJMAEY SCHOOLS. 

By the terms of an ordinance of Congress, adopted in 1785, 
in regard to the disposal of lands in the western territory, it 
was provided that section numbered sixteen of every town- 
ship should be reserved for the maintenance of public schools 
within such township. 

The Legislative Council of the Territory, in 18.27, jirovided 
for the establishment of public schools in every township 
containing fifty inhabitants or householders. The first Consti- 
tution of the State, adopted in 1835, declares in its article 
" Education : " 

''The Legislature shall encourage, by all suitable means, 

the promotion of intellectual, scientifical, and agricultural 

improvement. The proceeds of all lands that have been or 

hereafter may be granted by the United States to this State, 

for the support of schools, which shall hereafter be sold or 

disposed of, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest 
10 



74 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



of which, together witli the rents of all such unsold lands 
shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of schools 
throughout the State." 

The same general provisions are retained in the present 
Constitution, adopted in 1850. 

The whole amount of primary school lands derived from 
the reserve of the sixteenth section, and sold by the State, to 
the close of the tiscal year, 1872, as shown by the records of 
the State Land Office, is 019,864 56-100 acres, leaving 401,751 
22-100 acres unsold, with about 50,000 acres yet to be selected 
and placed at the disposition of the State Land Office, on 
account of sales which had been made from sections numbered 
sixteen, previous to the enactment by Congress of the ordi- 
nance dedicating these lands to the primary school fund. 

During the past ten years the amount of primary school 
interest, apportioned to the several counties in the month of 
May in each year, has ranged from forty-five to fifty cents for 
each child between the ages of five and twenty years. In 
1864 the number of children was 272,007, and the amount 
apportioned at fifty cents for each child $130,362.00. In 1873 
the number of children was 400,062, and the amount appor- 
tioned was 1190,170.80, being forty-nine cents for each child 
between the ages of five and twenty years. 

THE UNIVERSITY. 

In the year 1817, v/hen the administration of the territorial 
government was vested in a Governor and Judges, an act was 
adopted, providing for the establishment of the University of 
Michigan. 

The first State Legislation in this direction was an act of 
the Legislature, approved March 18, 1837, entitled "An act 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 75 

to provide for the organization and government of the • Uni- 
versity of Michigan.'"' The objects, as set forth in the act, to 
be " to provide the inhabitants of the State with the means of 
acquiring a thorough knowledge of tlie various branches of 
literature, science and the arts/' The act provides for the 
government of the institution, and for its division in three 
departments, as follows, viz : 

First, The department of literature, science, and the arts ; 

Second, The department of law ; 

Third, The department of medicine. 

By an act approved March 20, 1837, the University was 
located in the village of Ann Arbor. 

On September 20th, 1842, the collegiate department was 
first opened, and a preparatory school was also opened for 
the recej)tion of such as might wish to qualify themselves 
to enter the University. 

The Board of Eegents in their report in January, 1847, 
announced the adoption of measures- for the organization of a 
Medical Department, by constituting three professorships, 
one each of Anatomy, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy and 
Medical Jurisprudence. At this time the number of students 
in the department of literature was 38. 

The number of students in the University at the close of 
the year 1872, is as follows : 

Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts, . . 476 
Department of Medicine and Surgery, . . . 357 
Department of Law, 331 



11G4 
Deduct for student counted in two departments . . 1 



Total number of students 1163 



76 



HISTORY OF MICHIOAN. 



Connected with the University are a central building, 347 
feet in length, for the department of arts and sciences; build- 
ings for the departments of law and medicine, a chemical 
laboratory, and an astronomical observatory; besides buildings 
for residences for the president and professors, the cost of all 
of which was about 1230,000.00. 

The grounds occupied by the University are 44^ acres in 
extent. 

The oflBcers of the University, on the first of January, 1873, 
were as follows : 
James Burrill Angell, LL. D., . . . President. 

BOARD OF REGENTS. 

Hon. Ed'ward C. Walker, Detroit. 

Hon. George Willard, .... Battle Creek. 
Hon. Thomas D. Gilbert, . . . Grand Rapids. 

Hon. Hiram A. Burt, Marquette. 

Hon. Joseph Estabrook, .... Ypsilanti. 

Hon. Jonas H. McGowan, .... Coldwater. 
Hon. Cladius B. Grant, .... Ann Arbor. 
Hon. Charles Rynd, Adrian. 



Henry D. Bennett, Esq., . . Secretary and Steward. 

Hon. J. M. Wheeler, Treasurer. 

Hon. Daniel B. Brtggs, M. A., Supt. of Public Instruction. 



THE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

The State Normal School is located at Ypsilanti, was 
established by an act of the Legislature approved March 38tb, 
1849, and erected in 1851-3. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



The number of students in attendance in the Normal 
department, in the year 1872, was as follows : 

Male, . 120 

Female, 176 

Total, 296 

The grounds connected with the institution are five acres 
in extent. The buildings, two in number, cost thirty thou- 
sand dollars. 

The School is under the management and direction of the 
State Board of Education. Eev. Joseph Estabrook, M. A., 
Principal. 

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 

The Agricultural College is located about three miles east 
from the city of Lansing, in the township of Meridian; was 
established by an act of the Legislature, approved February 
12th, 1855, and vras opened for the reception of students in 
May, 1857. Connected with the College is a farm containing 
about 676|- acres, and embracing every variety of soil. The 
number of students in attendance on January Isf, 1873, was 
as follows : Male, 127 ; female, 4 ; total, 131. 

The value of the property, as ascertained by an inventory 
on the 1st of December, 1872, is as follows : 

Farm, 676^ acres, ^47,320 00 

Buildings, 116,500 00 

Stock, farm implements, furniture, library, etc., . 28,170 40 

Total valuation, $191,990 40 

The college is under the supervision of the State Board of 
Agriculture, which is composed of the following persons : 



78 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



Hon. llEZEKfAH G. Wells, President, . . Kalamazoo, 

Hon. OiiAMEL HosFORD, OHvet. 

Hon. J. Webster Childs, Ypsilanti. 

Hon. George W. Phillips, Eomeo. 

Franklin Wells, Esq., Coustantine. 

A. S. Dyckman, Esq., South Haven. 

Hon. John J. Bagley, Governor, ex officio. 

Hon. T. C. Abbot, LL. D., President College, rx officio. 

William II. Marstox, Secretary. 

STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL. 
The Legislature, in the session of 1860, passed a Joint Kes- 
•olution providing for the appointment by the Governor, of a 
Commission, consisting of three j)ersons, to examine into the 
discipline and general management of the Penal, Eeforma- 
tory, and Charitable Institutions of the State, and to report 
plans and recommendations for their improvement. In the 
examinations by the Commission, it was found, that there were 
•contained in the poor-houses, a large number of children 
of paupers and indigent people, whose condition was most 
deplorable ; and they recommended that some system of State 
agency should be adopted to receive these children, and pro- 
vide for their moral and mental improvement, and thereby 
enable them to fill, in the future, positions of usefulness and 
respectability. By an act of the Legislature, approved April 
17, 1871, Commissioners were provided for, to be appointed 
by the Governor, to locate the "State Public School," and 
to construct the necessary buildings. The City of Coldwater 
proposed to the Commissoners, in consideration of the School 
being located at that city, a donation of a tract containing 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 79 



twenty-seven acres of land, valned at $5,000.00, and $35,000.00 
in money. The proposal was accepted, and a contract entered 
into to erect a main building, containing school rooms, offices, 
reception rooms, dining room, laundry, kitchen, etc., besides 
hospital and rooms for Superintendent; also, seven cottages, 
each capable of accommodating thirty children. In addition 
to the land donated by the City of Coldwater, nine acres have 
been purchased by the State, making in all, a tract of thirty- 
six acres. The School will be ready for the reception of chil- 
dren, about the first of January, 1874. 

The value of the land, and buildings when completed, will 
be a little over 1100,000.00. 

The School is under the direction of the following Board of 
Commissioners: 

Hon. John J. Bagley, President, ex officio. 

Hon. Caleb D. Eandall, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Hon. Chakles E. Micklet. 

Hon. Julius S. Barber. 



CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 



ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 

The Asylum for the Insane is located in the village of Kala- 
mazoo, and was established under an act of the Legislature, 
approved April 3, 1848. The erection of buildings was com- 



80 HI8T0BY OF MICHIGAN. 



raenced in the year 1854, aiul the whole building completed 
ill 1869. 

The erection of the "Asylum Extension" was anthorized by 
the Legislature by an act approved April 13, 1871 ; the work 
of building commenced during the same month; the centre 
and north Aving are nearly completed, and the whole building 
will probably be finished within a few months. 

The Asylum was first opened for the reception and treat- 
ment of insane patients on August 29, 1859. 

The number of patients nnder treatment on January 1, 
1873, was 313, and the whole number since the opening of the 
Asylum 1,304. 
The cost of buildings, land, fixtures, stock, 

etc., was *42 6,846 48 

Payments on account of the asylum extension to 

Jan. 1, 1873 123,614 27 



Total cost to Jan. 1, 1873 . . . $549,460 75 

The Asylum is under the direction of the following 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

LuTHEE H. Tkask, Kalamazoo. 

Chakles T. Mitchell, ..... Hillsdale. 
William A. Tomlinsoj^, .... Kalamazoo. 

Joseph Gilmai^, Paw Paw. 

Joseph A. Browk, M. D., Detroit. 

Edward S. Lacey, . . . . . . Charlotte. 

kesident officers. 

E. H. Van Deusen, M. D., . . Medical Superintendent. 
George C. PALMEPt, M. D., . Assistant Superintendent. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 81 



J. E. Emerson, M. D., . . . . Assistant Physiciau. 
Henry M. Hurd, M. D., . . . Assistant Physician. 

Henry Montague Steward. 

Rev. Daniel Putnam, . . . . . Chaplain. 
F. W. CuRTENius, Treasurer. 

THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB, AND 
THE BLIND. 

This Institution is situated in the suburbs of the Oity of 
Flint, in Genesee County. 

The school was opened in the year 1854, in a private dwell- 
ing house in Flint. 

The building was erected in 1857. 

The farm and grounds connected with the Institution con- 
tain ninety-four acres of land. The building, and grounds 

cost about $275,000.00. 

On the 1st of January, 1873, there were in the Institution 
27 blind pupils and 139 deaf mutes, making a total of 1(3G 
pupils. 

The management of the Institution on the 1st of July, 
1873, was under the following named Board of Trustees : 
lion. Charles G. Johnson, .... President. 
Hon. William L. Smith, . Treasurer and Building Com'r. 
Hon. Irving D. Hanscom, .... Secretary. 

The resident officers are : 
Egbert L. Bangs, A. M., . . . . • Principal. 
Mrs. S. C. M. Case, . . , . . . . Matron. 

Miss M. J. Adams, Assistant Matron. 

Daniel S. Clark, M. D., . . . . . Physician. 
,Iames B. Gibson, Steward. 

n 



82 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



PENAL AND REFORMATORY INSTITU- 
TIONS. 



THE REFORM SCHOOL. 

An act of the Legislature, approved February 10th, 1855, 
provided for the establishment of a '• House of Correction for 
Juvenile Offenders, at or near Lansing, in the County of 
Ingham: Provided, That a suitable piece of land, of not less 
than twenty acres, shall be donated for that purpose." A tract 
comprising about thirty acres was donated by the citizens of 
Lansing, and one hundred and ninety-five acres adjoining the 
same Avere subsequently purchased by the State. 

The building was first opened for the reception of inmates 
on September 2, 185G. By an act of the Legislature, approved 
February 12, 1859, the iiame of the institution was changed 
to the Eeform School. 

The number of boys in the School on January 1, 1873, was 
two hundred and soven. 

The estimated cost of the buildings is 1150,000.00. 

The Eeform School is under the direction of a "• Board of 
Control," consisting of the following named persons : 

Hon. Geokge W. Lee, Detroit. 

Hon. Eli H. Davis, Lansing. 

Hon. Daniel L. Crcssman, .... Williamston. 

OFFICERS. 

Eev. Charles Jonxsojsj, .... Superintendent. 
John" N. Foster, . . . . Assistant Superintendent 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 83 



THE STATE PRISON. 

The State. Prison was establislied at Jackson, by an act of 
the Legislature, approved March 3, 1838. The buildings and 
prison wall cost the State about one hundred and sixty thou- 
sand dollars. An equal amount has been appropriated by the 
Legislatures of 1871 and 1873 for the erection of a new main 
central building, repairs of wings and Avail, and other needed 
improvements. 

The whole number of convicts received since the opening 
of the prison in 1838, is 4,425, of which number 2,941 have 
been discharged by expiration of sentence. 550 have been par- 
doned, one hundred and twenty-four escaped, two hundred 
died, and twenty-one discharged by reversal of sentence; leav- 
ing at the close of the fiscal year 1872, 589 convicts in the 
prison, of which number six are females. 

The grounds of the prison are about thirty acres in extent. 

The prison is under the management of a board of inspec- 
tors, who hold oflBce by appointment of the Governor; the 
members of the present board are : 

William S. Wilcox, Adrian. 

Lafayette W. Lovell, .... Kalamazoo. 
Albert A. Buss, Jackson. 

The officers of the prison are : 

John Morris, Agent. 

Franklin S. Clarke, Clerk. 



84 HI810BY OF MICHIGAN. 



THE SAULT STE. MAKIE SHIP CANAL, 



The United States, by an act of Congress, approved August 
26, 1852, granted to the State of Michigan the right of way, 
and a donation of seven hundred and fifty thousand acres of 
the public lands, for the construction of a ship canal around 
the falls of St. Mary. This proposition of Congress was 
accepted by the State, and its conditions made obligatory by 
an act of the Legislature, approved February 5, 1853. 

This act provided for the construction of the canal, under 
the direction of a board of five commissioners and an engi- 
neer, to be appointed by the Governor. The work of con- 
struction was commenced in the month of June, 1853, and 
completed on the 18th of June 1855, on which day the first 
vessel passed through. The canal is one mile in length, hav- 
ing two locks, each three hundred and fifty feet long and 
seventy feet wide, Avith a total lift of eighteen and a quarter 
feet, and cost one million two hundred thousand dollars. 

The tolls received for the passage of vessels through the 
canal, from its opening in 1855 to the close of navigation in 
the year 1872, amount to $430,542.86. 



HISTOBT OF MICHIGAN. 85 



PO PULIATION . 



The population of Michigan, previous to its final relin- 
quishment by Great Britain, and for a long period thereafter, 
was inconsiderable, and mostly restricted to the confines of the 
three principle settlements, — at Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, 
and Detroit. The first enumeration after Michigan became a 
distinct Territory, was in 1810, five years after the erection of 
the Territory, at which time the number of inhabitants was 
4,762. In the following ten years the population increased to 
8,896, and the results of subsequent enumerations are as 
follows : 

Year. Population. 

1830 31,639 

1834 87,278 

1840 212,267 

1850 897,654 

1854 509,374 

1860 749,113 

1864 803,745 

1870 1,184,282 



86 E18T0BT OF MICHIGAN. 



VALUATION OF TAXABLE 
PROPERTY. 



The Constitution of the State (Article XIX., See. 13), 
requires the Legislature to provide for an equalization by a 
State Board, in the year 1851, and every fifth year thereafter, 
of assessments on all taxable property, except that paying 
specific taxes. 

Previous to the year 1851, State taxation was upon the 
basis of equalization by the Boards of Supervisors of the 
several counties. 

The valuation as equalized for various years, is as follows, 
viz: 

Tears. Valuation. 

1838 . . . . . . . . $42,953,495.01 

1840 37,833,024.13 

1845 . . . . . . . . 28,922,097.59 

1850 . 29,384,270.66 

1851 30,976,270.18 

1853 120,362,474.35 

1856 137,663,009.00 

1861 172,055,808.89 

1866 307,965,842.9^ 

1871 630,000,000.00 



HISTORY OF MICHIOAN. ^7 



CAPITOL BUILDINGS 



Previons to the year 3 823, Avhen Cougress provided for the 
gOYernment of the Territory by a Legislative Council, no very 
extensive provision was made or required for buildings for the 
accommodation of the government. lu the year 1823 the 
first State-house was erected at Detroit, for the District Court 
of the United States and the Legislative Council of Michigan 
Territory. 

The edifice, ninety feet in length by sixty feet in widthj 
and surmounted by a dome one hundred and forty feet high, 
was constructed of brick, in the Ionic order, having a front 
portico supported by six columns, the entablature at the sides 
supported by pilasters. . 

The corner-stone of this building was laid by the Grand 
Lodge of Masons of Michigan Territory — Grand Master 
Whitkey presiding — on September 22, 1823. In 1870 the 
board of education of the city of Detroit, in making, some 
alterations to the building, — which had been converted to 
school purposes, — removed the corner-stone and opened the 
box, the contents of which were presented to the State during 
the session of the Legislature of 1871, and are now re-depos- 
ited in the corner-stone of the new Capitol. 

This building was occupied by the Territorial and State 
Legislatures, until the removal of the seat of government to 
Lansing, under an act of the Legislature, approved March 1&, 

1847. 

• The frame building situated upon block number 115, city 



88 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



of Lausiiig, was ordered to be erected by the Legislature of 
1847, by an act approved March 16th, and was first occupied 
by the Legislature in 1818. The Legislature of 1865 ordered 
an enlargement of the building, by the addition of sixteen 
feet upon the south end. The cost of this building, exclu- 
sive of repairs, is as follows : 

Under act of 1817, $10,503.51 

Paid in 1848, 8,038.23 

Addition in 1865, 3,971.30 



Total, $22,513.03 

lu 1853, the Legislature, by an act approved February 14, 
provided for the erection of '' a fire-proof building for the 
State Offices,'" upon block number 349, known as Capitol 
Square, and appropriated $10,000.00 for its construction. 
The building was erected at a cost of $15^563.00, and soon 
being found too small for the purpose required, the Legisla- 
ture of 1863, by an act approved March 14, provided for its 
enlargement. An addition was consequently made upon the 
west side, at a cost of $6,483.00, making the cost of the build- 
ing to that time, $32,044.00. 

Governor Hen^rt P. Baldwin", in his message to the Legis- 
ture on January 4, 1871, called the attention of that body to 
the necessity for the erection of a new Capitol. 

"The present State House was built nearly twenty-five 
years ago, when the State was comparatively new, with a pop- 
ulation about one-fourth as large as at the present time, and 
with about one-twelfth of the present taxable valuation. 

* * * :[; , sjs * * * * * * 

"The present and growing incapacity ot'the State buildings, 
the insecurity from fire of the public records and library, — a 



HI8T0BY OF MICHIQAN. 89 

calamity likely to result iu irreparable losses, — and the 
requirement of several years' time to complete the building 
sufficiently for occupation, are, in my judgment, adequate 
reasons why immediate action should be taken to erect a new 
State House, witli capacity sufficient for the proper accommo- 
dation of the Legislature and all of the State departments, and 
commensurate with the present and prospective wants of the 
State." 

The recommendation of the Governor resulted in the pass- 
age of an act which was approved March 31, 1871, providing 
•' for the erection of a new State Capitol and a building for 
the temporary use of the State offices." The act provides for 
the appointment by the Governor of three suitable persons, to 
be known as the "Board of State Building Commissioners," 
the Governor to be ex officio the Chairman of the Board. 

It was made the duty of the Board to procure the erection 
of a building for the temporary use of the State offices, as the 
fire-proof building, erected in 1853, occupied the centre of the 
ground designed for the new Capitol, and fnust therefore be 
removed. For the Temporary Offices, the sum of thirty thou- 
sand dollars was appropriated. A contract for the building 
was entered into on the fifth day of June, and in the month of 
November following it was completed and accepted. It was 
occupied in the following month, and cost, including heat- 
ing apparatus, $30,693.94. The building was constructed 
with a view to its adaptation to business purposes, upon the 
completion of the new Capitol, when it will no longer be 
required for the use of the State. 

In response to an advertisement of the Commissioners, 
soliciting competitive designs for a new Capitol, twenty sets 
12 



90 HISTORY OF MICUIQAN. 



of drawings Avere received from architects of various localities^ 
on December 28, 1871. After a careful examination of each, 
the Board, on the twenty-fourth of January, 1872, adopted 
the design of Elijah E. Myers, Esq., an architect then resid- 
ing at Spriagfield, Illinois, and entered into a contract with 
him to act as architect and general superintendent of the work 
until its completion. Mr. Myers immediately removed his 
residence to the city of Detroit, and engaged in the prepara- 
ration of specifications and detail drawings. On the fifteenth 
of July the Board entered into a contract with Messrs. ]N^ehe- 
MiAH OsBURN & Co., builders, of Rochester, JST. Y., and 
Detroit, Mich., for the construction of the entire building. 

At an extra session of the Legislature in March, 1872, the 
cost of the building, with all expenses incident to its erection, 
was limited to twelve hundred thousand dollars. The sum 
agreed upon in the contract, is eleven hundred and forty-four 
thousand fifty-seven dollars and twenty cents, leaving nearly 
fifty-six thousand dollars to cover extras, salaries, and other 
expenses. 

The building will be of Palladian style of architecture,, 
which was adopted by the architect, as best suited to the 
appearance of grandeur, required in a building of this class. 
The outline is sufficiently broken to produce pleasing con- 
trasts of light and shade; while the architect has studiously 
observed the suggestions of the Commissioners, in avoiding 
superfluous ornamentation, preserving solidity and compact- 
ness, and at the same time giving to each apartment an 
abundance of light. 

The arrangement of the various offices and departments 
will be exceedingly convenient; special attention having been 



HI8T0BT OF MICHIGAN. 91 



given iu this respect to the wants of the public, as well as to 
the offices having business with each other. 

The foundation walls to the earth line are of Lament, 
Illinois, limestone, in massive blocks, extending the entire 
width of the wall, and underlaid with concrete to the depth 
of three feet. The superstructure is to be of sandstone from 
Amherst, Ohio, and the partition walls and backings to exte- 
rior walls will be of hard-burned brick. The girders, beams, 
joists, roof, and dome, will be made exclusively of iron, of 
which material all partitions will also be made, except where 
constructed of masonry. The stairs throughout the building, 
including steps, risers, hand-rails, balusters, and bearers, will 
be exclusively of iron. The corridors, from the basement to 
the top of the building, will be paved with marble and slate. 
The most approved arrangements will be employed for venti- 
lation, steam heating, and lighting by gas. The basement 
story will contain an armory connected with the department 
of the Quartermaster-General, and the remainder of the story 
will be devoted at present to storage, although the rooms 
being high, and well lighted and ventilated, will make excel- 
lent offices, should they be required at any tim3 for that 
purpose. 

The first story, which will be twenty feet in height, will 
contain offices and private apartments for the various State 
officers and bureaus. Upon this floor will be a main corridor, 
extending across the building from east to west, through the 
rotunda, under the dome, and crossed at right angles by a 
corridor three hundred and forty-five feet in length, extend- 
ing from the north to the south entrance. The rotunda will 
be paved with hexagon blocks of glass, six inches iu diameter, 



92 mSTOBT OF MICHIGAN. 



and an inch and a half in tliickness, supported by a frame of 
iron, into which each piece will be closely Gtted. From this 
rotunda, which is forty-four and a half feet in diameter, the 
interior of the dome, open to the height of one hundred and 
seventy-five feet, may be seen, with galleries extending in it 
from each of the stories above. Upon the second floor, at the 
north end of the building, will be the Hall of Representatives, 
occupying the height of two stories, — forty feet. This hall 
will be seventy feet in width, by seventy-seven and a half in 
length, with galleries upon the east, south, and west sides. 
The south gallery will extend back twenty-two and a half 
feet, making the upper portion of the room one hundred feet 
in length. There will be no columns or other like obstruc- 
tions in this hall. The ceiling, which is to be of embossed 
colored plate glass, will be supported by the iron roof-trusses ; 
and the galleries will be supported by iron girders, entirely 
hidden from view. The hall will be lighted by nine windows 
on each side, four on the lower floor, and five on the upper, 
and by a large sky-light in the roof, over the glass ceiling. 
The gas-light will be reflected down through this ceiling. 
'The Senate Chamber, at the south end of the building, will 
correspond in all respects but size with the Eepresentative 
Hall, it being of the same width, but shorter by twelve feet. 

Between the legislative halls, at the west front of the cen- 
tral portion of the building, will be the hall for the State 
Library. This hall will be one hundred feet in length, forty 
feet wide, and open to the top of the building, a height of 
fifty feet, with galleries containing alcoves for the convenient 
arrangement of books. 

At the east front, upon the same floor, will be a suite of 



UISTOBY OF MICHIGAN. 93 



rooms for the Governor and his Secretary. Over the Govern- 
or's rooms, and upon the third floor, will be the Supreme Court 
room, Avith rooms in close proximity for the accommodation 
of the judges and attorneys, aud offices of the Attorney Gen- 
eral. The remainder of the second and third stories will be 
devoted to committee rooms and other apartments required 
for the Legislature. On either side of tlie rotunda, a grand 
stairway rises from the basement to the fourth story ; private 
stairways being provided in other portions of the building as 
convenience may require. An elevator, to be operated by 
steam, will be situated in a central portion of the building. 

The roof will be made of corrugated galvanized iron, con- 
structed in such a manner that no trouble will be occasioned 
by the lodgment of snow or ice, and the necessity for repairs 
cannot occur Avith frequency. All the windows will be glazed 
with polished English or Berlin plate glass, — one plate to 
each sash. 

The main pediment of the building, looking cast, will con- 
tain an allegorical representation of the rise and progress of 
Michigan, carved in has relief. 

The princijial dimensions of the building are as follows : 
Length, not including porticoes, 345 feet 2 inches; depth, 
191 feet 5 inches; height of lantern, 265 feet. 

The time stipulated for the completion of the building is 
the 1st dav of December. 1877. 



94 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



CORNER-STONE COMMITTEE, 



The Legislature of 1873, by a Joint Resolution, approved 
April 24, provided for a public celebration upon the occasion 
of laying the corner-stone of the new Capitol, and for the 
appointment of a committee to provide for the appropriate 
arrangements therefor. The committee, by the terms of the 
resolution, was to consist of the Governor, who should be its 
chairman ; the members of the Board of State Building Com- 
missioners, and ten citizens of the State, to be appointed by 
the Governor. The committee so appointed consists of the 
following persons : 

John J. Bagley, Chairman, Detroit. 

Ebenezer 0. Grosvenor, Vice President, . . Jonesville. 

James Shearer, Bay City. 

Alexander Chapotox, Detroit. 

David Andersox, .... ]5car Lake Mills. 

John P. Hoyt, Vassar. 

William H. Withington, Jackson. 

AUGUSTUS S. Gaylord, Saginaw. 

Ellery I. Garfield, Detroit. 

John Hibbard^ Port Huron, 

Leonard H. Eandall, .... Grand Rapids. 

Oliver L. Spaulding, St. Johns. 

William H. Stone, Adrian. 

John S. Tooker, Lansing. 

Allen L. Bours, Secretary, Lansing. 



HISTORY OF MICHIQAN. 95 



THE CORNER-STONE. 



The Board of State Building Commissioners was directed 
by the Legislature to procure a suitable Corner-Stoue, and to 
cause the following inscriptions to be carved thereon, with 
raised letters in sunk panels, viz.: On the east face "A. D. 
1872" (being the year in whicb work upon the Capitol was 
commenced), and upon the north face "A. D," and the year 
in which the building shall be completed. From a number 
of specimens of granite, from various localities, submitted for 
their examination, the Commissioners made choice of that 
from Concord, New Hampshire, as being the most beautiful 
and appropriate for the use required. A design for the Stone 
was prepared by E. E. Myers, Esq., the architect of the Cap- 
itol, and a contract for preparing it awarded to Messrs. 
Struthers & Sons, of Philadelphia. 

ANTIQUITY OF THE CUSTOM. 

The importance attached to the corner-stone is of very 
great antiquity. In the Book of Job, believed to be the old- 
est literary production extant, the Great Architect and 
Builder of the Universe is thus reported to have addressed 
the patriarch : 

"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth ? 
Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest ? or who 
hath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the found- 
ations thereof fastened ? or who laid the corner-stone 
iiiereof?"— Job, c. 38. 



96 HISTORY OF MICHlGAN^. 



The importance of the corner-stone \i further acknowledged 
by the figurative and symbolical use for which it is often 
employed. 

It is recorded in the Book of Isaiah : 

•'Thei-efore thus saith the Lord God: Behold I lay in Zion 
for a foundation, a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner- 
stone, a sure foundation." 

In the 118tli Psalm: 

"The stone which the builders refused is become the head 
stone in the corner." 

The custom of laying the corner-stone with public demon- 
strations of great pomp and ceremony, is of rery early origin. 

The corner-stone of Westminster Abbey was laid on the 
24th of June, 1503, by a lodge of Master Masons, at "which 
King Henry VII. presided in person as Grand Master, John 
ISLIP, Abbot of Westminster, and tSir Keginald Bray, 
Knight of the Garter, acting for the occasion as his Wardens.''' 

In the year 1G07, the corner-stone of the Palace of White- 
hall was laid '-'by King James I., in presence of Grand 
Master Jones, and his Wardens, William Herbert, Earl of 
Pembroke, and Nicholas Stone, Esq., Master Mason of 
England, who were attended by many brethren, clothed in 
form, and other eminent persons, who had been invited on 
the occasion. The ceremony was conducted Avith great pomp 
and splendor."-''^ 

In 1673 the corner-stone of 8t. Paul's Cathedral, London, 
designed by Deputy Wren, was laid in solemn form by King 
George I., attended by Grand Master Kivers, his architects 
and craftsmen, in presence of the nobility and gentry, the 
lord mayor and aldermen, the bishops and clergy, etc.* 

* Preston's Illustrations of Masonry. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 97 



The custom of making deposits in corner-stone.i; is of more 
recent origin, though in very early times coins, medals, and 
metallic plates, bearing appropriate inscriptions, and profiles 
of reigning sovereigns and other dignitaries, Avere placed in 
tlie mortar, under the corner-stone ; and the stone generally 
bore an inscription, showing the date and purpose for which 
the building was erected. 

In the corner-stone of the Exchange Building iu Edin- 
burgh, which was laid September loth, .1.753, three medals 
were deposited in "'cavities"' in the corner-stone, made for the 
purpose. The stone also bore a Latin inscription on the side 
upon Avhich it was laid. 

The custom now extends to the depositing not only of coins 
and medals, but of historical records and various memoranda 
pertaining to the object for which the building is erected, 
and showing the condition of the country, the State, and the 
particular locality of the structure, at the time of its erection. 

The corner-stone of the original edifice of the National 
Capitol at Washington, was laid by George Washingtok, 
President of the United States, on the eighteenth of Septem- 
ber, 1793. The building was first occupied by the Govern- 
ment in 1800, during Avhich year the public archives were 
removed from Philadelphia. The Capitol, together with the 
National Library, was fired by the British, under General 
Koss, on the t'^venty-fourtli of August, 1814, and entirely 
destroyed. On the anniversary of that day, four years later, 
the corner-stone of the central building of the present Capitol 
was laid, and the building was completed in the year 1827. 
13 



98 mSTOBT OF MICHIGAN. 



THE STATE SEAL. 



The Great Seal of the State of Micbigau was prcseutGd by 
the Hon. Lewis Cass to the Convention which framed the 
first Constitntion for the State, in session at the city of 
Detroit, on the 2d day of June, 1835, and on the 22d day of 
the same mouth, the Convention adopted the following reso- 
lution, offered by the Hon. Eoss Wilkins : 

" Resolved, That the president of this Convention tender to 
the Hon. Lew'IS Cass, the thanks of this Convention, repre- 
senting the people of Michigan, for the handsome State seal 
presented by him to the forthcoming State." 

The Latin motto on the seal, Si quceris 2^eninHulam amcp- 
nam, circumspice, — '-If yon w-isli to see a beautiful peninsula, 
look aronnd you," — was doubtless suggested by the inscription 
upon a tablet in St. Paul's Cathedral, Loudon, to the memory 
of Sir CiiEiSTOPHER Ween, its renowned architect. Si giiwris 
monumentam amoenam circ2(mspice, — '"If you wish to see a 
beautiful onomnncnt, look among you,'' — referring to the great 
master-piece of architecture, by him designed, as the most 
fittinir tribute to his memory. 



HISTORY OF MIGUIOAN. 99 



THE GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN. 



UNDER FRENCH DOMINION, 1022-176:5. 

Samuel Champlain, 1632-1635. 

M. DE M0NT3IAGXY, 1636-1647. 

M. DE AlLLEBOUT, 1648-1650. 

M. DE Lauson, 1651-1656. 

M. DE Lauson (sou), 1656-1657. 

M. DE AlLLEBOUT, 1657-1658. 

M. DE Argensok, 1658-1660. 

EaROX DE AVANGOUll, 1661-1663. 

M. DE Mesey, 1663-1665. 

M. DE COURCELLES, 1665-1672. 

Count de Frontejstac, 1673-1682. 

M. DE LA Barre, 1682-1685. 

M. DE NoNViLLE, 1685-1689. 

Count de Froktenac, 1689-1698. 

M. DE Callieres, ...... 1699-1703. 

M. DE Vaudreuil, 1703-1725. 

M. DE Beauharnois, 1726-1747. 

M. DE Galissoniere, 1747-1749. 

M. DE LA Jonquiere, 1749-1752. 

M. Du Quesne, 1752-1755. 

M. DE Vattdreuil DE Cavagnac, . . 1755-1763. 

UNDER BRITISH DOMINION, 1703-1796. 

James Murray, . . * . . . . 1763-1767. 

Guy Carleton, 1768-1777. 

Frederick Haldimand, .... 1777-1785. 



100 HT8T0BY OF MICHIGAN. 



Henry Hamilton, 1785-1786. 

Lord Dorchester, 1786-1796. 

TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS. 

northwest territory. 

Arthur St. Clair, 1796-1800. 

INDIANA territory. 

William Henry Harrison, .... 1800-1805. 

MICHICxAN territory, 

William Hull, 1805-1813. 

Lewis Cass, . 1813-1831. 

George B. Porter,* 1831-1834. 

Stevens T. Mason, ex officio, .... 1834-1835. 

GOVERNORS OF STATE OF MICHIGAN. 

Stevens T. Mason, 1835-1840. 

William W^oodbridge, 1840-1841. 

J. Wright Gordon (actino^), .... 1841-184?. 

John S. Barry, 184.3-1845. 

Alpheus Felch, 1846-1847. 

William L. Greenly (acting), . . . 1847-1847. 

Epaphroditus Eansom 1848-1849. 

John S. Barry, 1850-185L 

Egbert McClelland, 1852-1853. 

Andrew Parsons (acting), .... 1853-1854. 

Kinsley S. Bingham, 1855-1858. 

Moses Wisner, 1859-1860. 

Austin Blair, 1861-1864. 

Henry H. Crapo, 1865-1868. 

Henry P. Baldw^in, 1869-1872. 

John J. Bagley, 1873 



Died July 0, 1S31. 



HISTORY OF MICHIOAN. 101 



UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 



MAECH 4th, 1873. 

Ultsses S. Geant, of Illinois, . . . President". 
Henry Wilson', of Massachusetts, . . Vice President. 

THE CABINET. 

Hamilton Fish, New York, . . . Secretary of State. 
Wm. a. Eichardson, Massachusetts. Sec'y of the Treasury. 

William W. Belknap, Iowa, . . Secretary of War. 

George M. Eobeson, New Jersey, . Secretary of the Navy. 

Columbus Delano, Ohio, . Secretary of the Interior. 

John A. J. Creswell, Maryland, . Postmaster General. 

George II. Williams, Oregon, . . Attorney General. 



THE SUPREME COURT. 



Chief Justice. 



associate justices. 

Nathan Clifford, Maine. 

Noah II. Swayne, Ohio. 

Samuel F. Miller. Iowa. 

David Davis, Illinois. 

Stephen J. Field, California. 

William Strong, Pennsylvania. 

Joseph P. Bradley, New Jersey. 

AVard Hunt, New York. 



* Vacant by the decease of .Salmon P. Chase in 1S73. His successor not yet 
appointed. 



102 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



SIXTH CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Judge. 
. Clerk?. 



IIalmek II. Emmons, Detroit, 
Addison Mandell, Detroit, ) 

Isaac II. PAKKisn, Grand Rapids,^ 



UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS FOR MICHIGAN. 
EASTERN DISTRICT. 

JonN W. LoNGYEAK, Detroit, .... Judge. 



D. J. Davidson, Detroit, . 

WESTERN district. 

Solomon L. Withet, Grand Rapids, 
Isaac II. Parrish, Grand Rapids, 



. Clerk. 

. Judge. 
Clerk. 



JUDICIARY OF MICHIGAN 



SUPREME COURT. 

Isaac P. Christiancy, Chief Justice, 
Benjamin F. Graves, .... 

Thomas M. Cooley, 

James V. Campbell, .... 

THE CIRCUIT COURTS. 
1. Daniel L. Pratt, .... 
'Z. Henry H. Cooledge, 
3. Jarei) Patchin, 



Monroe. 

Battle Creek. 

Ann Arbor. 

Detroit. 

Hillsdale. 

Niles. 

. Detroit. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



103 



4. Alexander D. Chaxe, .... Dexter. 

5. George Woodruff, . , . . . Marshall. 

6. James S. Dewey, Pontiac. 

7. JosiAH Turner, . . . . . . Owosso. 

8. Louis 8. Lovell, Ionia. 

9. Charles K. Browx, Kalamr.zoo. 

10. John" Moore, Saginaw. 

11. Daniel Goodwin, Detroit. 

12. James O'Grady, Honghtcn. 

13. Jonathan G. Eamsdell, . . . Traverse Oit}'. 

14. Augustine H. Giddings, .... T^ewaygo. 

15. EiCHMOND W. Melendt, . . . Centreville. 

16. Edward W. Harris, .... Port Hnron. 

17. BiKNEY HoYT, Grand Eapicls. 

18. Sanford M. Green, Bay City. 



UNITED STATES CONGRESS. 



MICHIGAN SENATORS. 

Zachariah Chandler Detroit. 

Thomas W. Ferry, . ... Grand Haven. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Moses W. Field, 1st District, .... Detroit. 
Henry Waldron, 2d District, . . . Hillsdale. 

George Willard, 3d District. . . . Battle Creek. 



104 



HISTORY OF MIGHIQAN. 



Julius C. Burrows, 4tli District, 
Wilder D. Foster,* 5tli District, 
Jgsiah W. Begole, Gtli District, 
Omar D. Conger, 7tli District, . 
Nathan B. Bradley, 8th District, 
Jay a. Hubbell, 9tli District, . 



Kalamazoo. 

Grand Kapids. 

Flint. 

Port Huron. 

Bay City. 

. Honghton. 



* Deceased Sept. 20, tST8. 



HI8T0BY OF MICHIGAN. 105 



MICHIGAN STATE GOVERN- 
MENT. 



JANUARY 1, 187a. 

John J. Bagley, Governor Detroit. 

Henky H. Holt, Lieutenant Governor, . . Muskegon. 
Daniel Striker, Secretary of State, . . Hastings. 

Gilbert M. Hasty, Deputy. 
Victory P. Collier, State Treasurer, . Battle C'reck. 

Henry D. Bartholomew, Deputy. 
William Humphrey, Auditor General, . . . Adrian. 

Hubert E. Pratt, Deput}-. 
Leverett a. Clapp, Com. State Land Office. . Centreville. 

OzRO A. BowEN, Deputy. 
Daniel B. Briggs, Supt. Public Instruction, . . Romeo. 

Cortland B. Stebbins, Deputy. 
Byron D. Ball, Attorney General, . . Grand Rapids. 
Mrs. Harriet A. Tenney, State Librarian, . . Lansing. 
Samuel H, Row, Com. of Lisurance, . . . Lansing. 

Henry N. Lawrence, Deputy. 
Stephen S. Cobb, Railroad Commissioner. . Kalamazoo. 
Samuel S. Garrigues, Salt Inspector, . East Saginaw. 

M. H. Allardt, Commissioner of Immigration. 
Guy H. Carleton, Superintendent of St. Mary's Falls Ship 
Canal, Sault Ste. Marie. 
14 



106 



HISTORY OF MICHIQAIs. 



STATE BOARDS. 



STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

Daniel E. Brown,* Saranac. 

Witter J. Baxter, Jonesville. 

Edward Dorsch, Monroe. 

STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 

Homer 0. Hitchcock, M. D., . . . Kalamazoo. 
Zenas E. Bliss, M. D., . . . . Grand Rapids. 
Robert C. Kedzie, M. D., . . . . . Lansing. 
Rev. Charles H. Brigham, .... Ann Arbor. 
Henry F. Lyster, M. D., Detroit- 
Rev. John S. Goodman, .... East Saginaw. 
Henry B. Baker, M. D., Secretary, . . . Lansinsr. 



STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 

Hezekiah G. Wells, 

Oramel Hosford, 

J. Webster Childs, 

George W. Phillips, 

Franklin Wells 

A. S. Dyckman, 

John J. Bagley, Governor, \ 



Kalamazoo. 

Olivet. 

Ypsilauti. 

Romeo. 

Oonstantine. 

South Haven. 



T. C. Abbot, Pres't of College, S 



Ex officio. 



BOARD OF CONTROL FOR RAILROADS. 

D. Betiiune Duffield, Detroit. 

John K. Boies, Hudson. 



* Deceased in 1S7S. 



HISTORY OF MIOHIOAK. 107 



Stephen S. Cobb, Kalamazoo. 

Byron M. Cutciieon, Manistee. 

Darius Monroe, Bronsou. 

P. Dean A\^\rnei;, Farmington. 

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR THE GENERAL SUPERVL 
SION OF CHARITABLE, PENAL, PAUPER, AND REFORM- 
ATORY INSTITUTIONS. 

Charles I. Walker Detroit. 

William B. Williams Allegan. 

Henry W. Lord, Pontiac. 

Zebulon E. Brockway, Detroit. 

Charles M. Croswell, Secretary, Adrian. 

BOARD OF STATE SWAMP LAND ROAD COMMISSIONERS. 

Joseph B. Haviland, Acme. 

David J. Evans, Bay City. 

Samuel H. Selden, Escanaba. 

BOARD OF STATE BUILDING COMMISSIONERS. 

Gov. John J. Bagley, Chairman, .... Detroit. 
Ebenezer 0. Grosvenor, Vice President, . . Jonesville, 

James Shearer, Bay City., 

Alexander Chapoton, Detroit 

Allen L. Bours, Secretar\% Lansing. 

BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS. 

George Clark, Ecorse. 

George H. Jerome, Niles, 



108 HI8T0BY OF MICHIGAN. 



BOARD OF STATE AUDITORS. 

Secretary of State. 
State Treasurer, 

00MMISSION"EK OF THE StATE LaXI) OfFTCE. 

STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION. 

Lieutenant Governor, 

Auditor General, 

Secretary of State, 

State Treasurer. 

Commissioner of the State Land Office. 

BOARD OF STATE CANVASSERS. 

Secretary of State, 

State Treasurer, 

Commissioner of the State Land Office. 

BOARD FOR EXAMINATION OF CLAIMS GROWING OUT 
OF SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS. 

Commissioner of State Land Office, 

State Treasurer, 

Attorney General. 

BOARD OF CONTROL FOR RECLAMATION OF SWAMP 

LANDS. 

Governor, 

Secretary of State, 

Auditor General, 

State Treasurer, 

Attorney General, 

Commissioner of State Land Office. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 10^ 



BOARD OF CONTROL OF SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL, AND 
OF THE PORTAGE LAKE AND LAKE SUPERIOR SHIP 
CANAL. 

CtOVERNOR, 

Auditor General, 
State Treasurer. 

BOARD OF FUND COMMISSIONERS. 

State Treasurer, 

Auditor General, 

Secretary of State. 

BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

Governor, 

Superintendent of Public Instruction, 

President of the State Board op Education. 

BOARD OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. 

State Treasurer, 

Secretary of State, 

Auditor General. 

BOARD TO TAKE CHARGE OF ESCHEATED PROPERTY 
AND OTHER STATE ASSETS. 

Auditor General, 

State Treasurer, 

Secretary of State. 

BOARD FOR THE PURPOSE OF ]\IAKING REPAIRS AND 
ADDITIONS TO THE STATE PRISON. 

Governor, 
Inspectors of the State Prison- 



110 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS TO SELECT SITE AND CON- 
STRUCT AN ADDITIONAL ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 

E. H. VAX Deusex, Kalamazoo. 

Amos Eathbun, Grand Rapids. 

Oeorge Haxnahs, South Haven. 

BOARD TO SELECT SITE AND PROCURE PLANS FOR A 
STATE HOUSE OF CORRECTION. 

■ Three persons, citizens of the State, to be appointed by the 
Governor. 

HOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 

Jajies B. Angell, LL. D., President ex officio. 

Edward C. "Walker, Detroit. 

George Willard, . . . , . Battle Creek. 

Thomas D. Gilbert Grand Rapids. 

lIiRAM A. Burt, . . . . . . Marquette. 

Joseph Estabrook, Ypsilanti. 

Jonas II. McGowax, Ooldwater. 

Claudius B. Grant, Auu Arbor. 

Charles Rynd, Adrian. 

BOARD OF CONTROL OF THE STxVTE PUBLIC SCHOOL. 

Gov. John J. Bagley, . '. . . . Detroit. 

Caleb D. Randall, Coldwater. 

Charles E, Mickley, Adrian. 

Julius S. Barber, Coldwater. 

BOARD OF CONTROL OF THE STATE REFORM SCHOOL. 

George W. Lee, Detroit. 

Daniel L. Grossman, .... Williamston. 

Eli II. Davis, . . . . . . : Lansing. 



niSTOET Of MICHIGAN. Ill 



BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR 
THE INSANE. 

Luther H. Tit ask, Kalamazoo. 

Charles T. Mitchell, Hillsdale. 

William A. Tomlinsox, Kalamazoo. 

Joseph Gilmak, Paw Paw. 

Joseph \. Browx, M. I)., Detroit. 

Ed-svard 8. Lacey, . . . . . , Charlotte. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MICHIGAN INSTITUTION 
FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, AND 
THE BLIND. 

Charles G. Johnsox, . . . . . . Monroe. 

William L. Smith, Flint. 

Irving D. Hanscom, Eomeo. 

BOARD OF INSPECTORS OF THE STATE PRISON. 

William S. Wilcox, Adrian. 

Lafayette W. Loyel Kalamazoo. 

Albert A. Bliss, Jackson. 



MILITARY OFFICERS OF THE STATE. 



Governor John J. Bagley, Commander-in-Cliicr. 
Gen. John" Robertson, . . . Adjutant General. 

Gen. William A. Throop, . . Quartermaster General. 
Gen. Russell A. Algeu, . . Inspector General. 



112 



HI8T0EY OF MICHIGAN. 



Maj. Geokge H. Hopkixs, . Sec'y to Coramandcr-in-Chief. 
Maj. John Pulford, .... Judge Advocate. 

AIDS TO COMMANDER-I]Sr-CHIEF. 

Col. Grover S. Wormer, Detroit. 

Col. Frank Gorton^, .... Saalt Ste. Marie. 

Col. Robert Burns, Kalamazoo. 

Col. Charles Y. Osburn, Ovvosso. 



STATE MILITARY BOARD. 



Jerome Croul, 
Charles E. Grisson, 



Detroit. 
Si. Johns. 



MICHIGAN STATE LEGISLATURE-1871-2. 



THE SENATE. 

MoRUAxV Bates, President, 

Lorenzo P. Alexander, 

Byron^ D. Ball, .... 

Homer G. Barber, 

JosiAH W. Begole, . . . . 

Theodore G. Bennett, 

Robert V. Briggs, .... 

James P. Cawley,. 

Isaac M. Cravath,* . . . . 



Traverse City. 

. Bucliauau. 

Grand Rapids. 

Vermontville. 

. Flint. 

Jackson. 

Wyandotte. 

Morenci. 

Lansing. 



* Died May 4, 18T2. 



EI8T0BY OF MICHIGAN. 113 



John C. Dexter, Ionia. 

Philip H. Emerson, Battle Creek. 

Mylo L. Gay, Howell. 

George Hannahs, South Haven. 

Gilbert Hatheway,* New Baltimore. 

Bela W. Jenks, St. Clair. 

Emmanuel Mann, Ann Arbor. 

Seth C. Moffatt, . . . . . . Northport. 

Edward G. Morton, Monroe. 

James M. Neasmith, Kalamazoo. 

Layman B. Price, Lakeville. 

Abraham C. Prutzman, .... Three Rivers. 
Uzziel Putnam, Jr., ...... Pokagon. 

Caleb D. Eandall, Coldwater. 

James W. Eomeyn, Detroit. 

Alanson Sheley, Detroit. 

Francis B. Stockbkidge, Saugatuck. 

William Stoddard, Litchfield. 

Wales F. Storrs, Coopersvillc. 

John C. Waterbury, Lexington. 

Harrison H. Wheeler, Wenona. 

Frank Gf. White, Calumet. 

William S. Wilcox, Adrian. 

Alfred B. Wood, Saginaw. 

Henry S. Sleeper, Secretary, Galesburgb. 
Henry Seymour, Sergeant- at- Arms, Grand Rapids. 

* Died Oct. 26, 1S71, and succeeded by Setmocr Bkownell. 

15 



114 



HIBTOItT OF MICHIGAl^. 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

JoxATHAN J. Woodman", Speaker. . . . Paw Paw. 
John J. Adam, . . . . . . . Tecumseh. 

Oscar Adams, Flint. 

Allen C. Adsit, Spring Lake. 

John L. Andeews, Milford. 

Makcus M. Atwood, Dansville. 

Horace T. Barnaby, Pompeii. 

William E. Bates/ Au Ores. 

William H. Brockway, Albion. 

George I. Brown, ■ Battle Creek. 

Alexander Cameron, .... Kalamazoo. 

William Chamberlain, Three Oaks. 

Henry P. Cherry, Johnstown. 

Aaron Childs, Ypsilanti. 

Joshua Clement, Jackson. 

Andrew Climie, Leonidas. 

Lyman Cochrane, Detroit. 

James M. Congdon, Chelsea. 

Alexander B. Copley, Decatur. 

John F. Coulter, Niles. 

Archer H. Crane, Blissfield. 

George W. Crofoot, Pinckney. 

Lawrence Dalton, .... Dalton's Corners. 

Philo Doty, . . . . . . . . Eagle. 

William J. Edwards, Niles. 

Charles B. Fenton, Mackinac. 

Kichard Ferris, Bear Lake Mills. 



" Resigned and succeeded by Isaac Makston. 



BISTORT OF' MICHIGAN. 115 



Asa p. Ferry, Rockford. 

Almoin B. Frost, Oakland. 

Samuel M. Garfield, Grand Eapids. 

William D. Garrison, Vernon. 

John Gibson, Detroit. 

George F. Gillam, Bronsou. 

Claudius B. Grant, Ann Arbor. 

Robert J. Grant Hastins-s. 

Patrick Gorman, . . . . . . . Grafton. 

Edgar L. Gray, K"ewaygo. 

Orson Green, Geneva. 

John Greusel, Detroit. 

Ira R. Grosvenor, Monroe. 

Bernard Haack, Blumfield. 

William Harris, ....'.. Rockland. 

Alvin K Hart, Lansing. 

Harvey Haynes, Coldwater. 

John Haynes, Midland City. 

James E. Haywood, Port Hoi^e. 

Ezra Hazen, Memphis. 

Nicholas R. Hill, Cedar Springs. 

Samuel W. Hill, Eagle River. 

Charles E. Holland Hancock. 

Henry H. Holt, Muskegon. 

Julius Houseman, . . . , . Grand Rapids. 

William C. Hoyt, Detroit. 

Henry Huff, Jonesville. 

RossELL B. Hughes, Bellevue 

William H. Hurlbut, .... South Haven. 
Benjamin W. Huston, Jr., Vassar. 



116 



HI8T0BY OF MIGIIIOAN. 



Shiverick Kellogg, . 
Cornelius Kxapp, 
Jacob C. Lamb, 
John Landon,* 
Charles D. Little, 
James McGonegal, 
Eli E. Miller, 
Norton L. Miller, 
Richard C. Miller, 
Charles E. Millington, . 
Joseph T, S. Mtnne, 
Preston Mitchell, 
William H. C. Mitchell, 
Martin V. Montgomery, . 
James B. Moshier, . 
Jason B. Norris, 
Charles Y. Osburn, 
John M. Osborn, 
Perry D. Pearl, 
Orlando E. Pattengill, . 
John L Phillips,! . 
Benjamin Pierson, 
Samuel Post, . 
Deliverance S. Priest, 
Almond B. Eiford, 
Horace D. Eood, 
Albert K. Eoof, 
John Eoost, 



. Easton. 

. Eome Centre. 

. Dryden. 

Parma. 

Saginaw. 

Detroit. 

Eichland. 

Mount Clemens. 

Greenville. 

Constantine. 

St. Clair. 

. Marshall. 

East Traverse Bay. 

Eaton Eapids. 

. Linden. 

. Cambria Mills. 

. Owosso. 

Hudson. 

Belleville. 

. Plymouth- 

Pine Enn. 

Farmington. 

Ypsilanti. 

Eomeo. 

Benton Harbor. 

Lapeer, 

Lyons. 

Holland. 



* Died March IStli, 1871, and succeeded by Hiram C. Hodge. 
+ Died Janinry Stti, 1S72, and succeeded by Fredekick Walker. 



HISTORY OF MICniOAN. 117 



Giles Ross, Highland. 

HiKAM D. Run Y AN, Disco. 

Frank L. Smith, Jackson. 

John J. Sumner, Lambertville. 

Albert P. Swineford. Marquette. 

Simeon M. Thayer, Minden. 

Bracey Tobey, Sturgis. 

Rowland S. Van Scoy, .... Maple Rapids. 

John Walker, Cooper. 

Jacob Walton, Adrian. 

Charles W. Watkins, Wayland. 

Alanson J. Webster, Pontiac. 

Frederick L. Wells, Port Huron. 

Darwin 0. White, Southfield. 

James A. AVilliams, Quincy. 

Nelson B. Jones, Clerk, Lansing. 
Henry Underwood, Sergeant-at-Arms, Adrian. 



MICHIGAN STATE LEGISLATURE-1873-4, 



THE SENATE. 

Henry H. Holt, President, .... Muskegon. 
David Anderson, .... Bear Lake Mills. 

Adam Beattie, Ovid. 

Mark S. Brewer, Pontiac. 

Ira H. Butterfieli), Lapeer. 



118 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



J. Webster Childs, Ypsilanti. 

Henry S. Clubb Grand Haven. 

MoREAU S. Crosby, Grand Kapids. 

James L. Curry, Clio. 

Charles V. DeLand, East Saginaw. 

George M. Dewey, . . . . . Hastings. 

Ralph Ely Alma. 

Philip H. Emersox, Battle Creek. 

James M. Goodell, Corunna. 

Edgar L. Gray, Newaygo. 

Hekry H. Hinds, Stanton. 

Edwin B. Isham, Kegannee. 

Nathan G. King, Brooklyn. 

John N. Mellen, Romeo. 

Charles E. Mickley, Adrian. 

William H. C. Mitchell, . . East Traverse Bay. 

Jonas H. McGowan, Coldwater. 

James M. Neasmith, Schoolcraft. 

Abraham C. Prutzman, .... Three Rivers. 

David M. Richardson, Detroit. 

Levi Sparks, Buchanan. 

William Stoddard,* Litchfield. 

John J. Sumner, Lambertville. 

William C. Sutton, Dearborn. 

Fredrick L. Wells, Port Huron. 

William B. Wesson, ...... Detroit. 

Harrison H. Wheeler, Wenona. 

Mark D. Wilber, Allegan. 

James H. Stone, Secretary, Kalamazoo. 
William P. Burdick, Sergeant-at-Arms, Saginaw. 

*Died 1878. 



HISTORY OF MICHIOAN. 119 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Charles M. Croswell, Speaker, . . . . Adrian. 

Francis Ackley, St. Charles. 

Sullivan" Armstrong, Newaygo. 

Frederick G. Bailey, Vernon. 

Ira H. Bartholomew, Lansing. 

Samuel H. Blackman, . . . . . Paw Paw. 

Evan J. Bonine, Niles. 

Thomas H. Bottomley, . . . . . Capac. 

Edward Breitung, . . . ' . . , Negaunee. 

Edward L. Briqgs, Grand Rapids. 

John C. Brunson, Victor. 

John L. Buell, Menominee. 

James Burns, Detroit. 

Horace H. Cady, Mt. Clemens. 

James Caplis, Detroit. 

John Carter, Milford. 

Merritt N. Chafey, Manistee. 

William Chamberlain, .... Three Oaks. 
Andrew Climie, . . ■ . . . . Leonidas. 
Thomas S. Cobb, ...... Kalamazoo. 

Frederick W. Collins, Middle ville. 

Peter Cook, Saline. 

William H. Curtis, Hanley. 

Daniel W. Dinturff, . . . . Fowlerville. 

William Drake, Amboy. 

John F. Drew, Jackson. 

Henry D. Edwards Detroit. 

Ebenezer S. Eggleston, .... Grand Rapids. 
Isaac A. Fancher, Mt. Pleasant. 



UO HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 

Thomas A. Ferguson, Sherman. 

Conrad Fey, East Saginaw. 

Samuel M. Garfield, .... Grand Rapids. 

Jan W. Garvelink, Graafschap. 

Arthur D. Gilmore, Blissfield. 

Levi K Goodrich, Concord. 

Henry Gordon, Flat Roclc. 

Claudius B. Grant, Ann Arbor. 

Edward H. Green. Charlevoix. 

John Greusel, Detroit. 

Robert A. Haire, Spring Lake. 

William Harris, Rockland. 

James E. Haywood, Port Hope. 

Christian Hertzler, Erie. 

Alexander Hewitt, Hillsdale. 

Richard M. Hoar, Houghton. 

Orcott V. Hosner, Frankfort. 

Henry Howard, . . . . . . Fort Huron. 

John P. Hoyt, . . . .* ... Caro. 

Shiverick Kellogg Ionia. 

George Kipp, Goodrich. 

Alonzo S. Knapp, South Lyon. 

Jacob C. Lamb, Drydeu. 

George Lewis, i^'iy City. 

.Tames K. Lockwood, Alpena. 

Charles D. Luce, Osseo. 

Matthew Markey, Springwells. 

Eli R. Miller, Richland. 

Richard C. Miller, Greenville. 

Preston Mitchell, . . . ... Marshall. 



HISTORY OF MICHIOAN. 121 



Charles H. Morse, .... New Haven Centre. 

Michael J. Notes, Chelsea. 

Thomas O'Dell, Williamsville. 

Fayette Parsons, Burr Oak. 

Aaron Perry, Oakland. 

Okesimtjs 0. Pierce, Bedford. 

Deliverance S. Priest, Romeo. 

Lawrence T. Remer, East China. 

John T. Eicn, Elba. 

Thomas C. Eipley Saginaw. 

Solon E. Robinson, Marshall. 

Alexander Robertson, Pokagou. 

Elias 0. Rose Big Rapids. 

RoDOLPHUS Sanderson, .... Battle Creek. 

Winfield Scott, Northville. 

William Sessions, Ionia. 

Henry A. Shaw, Eaton Rapids 

Emery H. Simpson, Hartford. 

LeGrand J. Smith, Addison. 

John J. Speed Detroit. 

Gilbert Striker, Hastings. 

Henry F. Thomas, ...... Allegan. 

Charles C. Thompson, .... Whitehall. 

George W. Van Aken Coldwater. 

Rowland S. Van Scoy Maple Rapids. 

Arnold Walker, Leslie, 

Benjamin Walker,* Perry. 

Frederick Walker, .... Mount Morris. 

John Walker, Cooper. 

Levi Walker,* Flint. 



* Died 1873. 
16 



122 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



Jacob Vvaltojs', Adriau. 

Asa K. Waeren, Olivet. 

Charles W. Watkins, Wayland. 

Erwin" C. Watkins, Rockford. 

Henry B. Welch, Monroe. 

Erastus J. Welker, .... Kinderhook. 

Thomas J. West, . . . . . . . Milburg. 

Amos E. Wheeler, Benona. 

AVilliam H. WiTHiNGT0]sr, Jackson. 

Daniel Wixson, Lexington. 

Elisha Zimmerman, Pontiac. 

Daniel L, Grossman, Clerk, Williamston. 
Edward M. Eitch, Sergeant- at- Arms, Allegan. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



123 



NEWSPAPERS AND PERIOD- 
ICALS 

PUBLISHED IN" MICHIGAN IN 1873. 



ALLEGAN" COUNTY. 

Allegan Journal, weekly, 
Allegan County Democrat, weekly, . 
Lake Shore Commercial, v/eekly, 
Republic, weekly, .... 
News, weekly, 



ALPENA COUNTY. 

Alpena County Pioneer, weekly, . 
Alpena Argus, weekly, 

ANTRIM COUNTY. 

Traverse Bay Progress, weekly, 

BARRY COUNTY. 

Republican Banner, weekly, . 
Home Journal, Aveekly, . , 
Barry County Republican, weekly, 

BAY COUNTY. 

Chronicle and Journal, daily and weekly, 
Tribune, daily and weekly, 

Zeitung, weekly, 

Wenona Herald, weekly. 
Lumberman's Gazette, monthly, 



AUegar:. 
. Allegan. 
Saugatuck. 

Plain well. 

Waylaud. 

Alpena. 
. Alpena. 

Elk Rapids. 

. Hastings. 

Hastings. 

Middleville. 

. Bay City. 

Bay City. 

. Bay City. 

Wenona. 

. Bay City. 



1-^4 



HISTORY OF MIOHIGAN. 



BENZIE COUNTY. 

Frankfort Weekly Express, 
Benzie County Journal, weekly, 

BERRIEN COUNTY. 

Niles Kepublican, weekly, . 

Niles Democrat, weekly, . . . . 

Berrien County Eecord, weekly, 

St. Joseph Traveler, weekly, 

St. Joseph Herald, weekly, . 

Benton Harbor Palladium, weekly, . 

Michigan Teacher, monthly, 

BRANCH COUNTY. 

Coldwater Eepublican, weekly, 
Cold water Eeporter, weekly, 
Quincy Times, weekly. 
Union City Begister, weekly, , 
Western Penman, monthly, 

CALHOUN COUNTY. 

Battle Creek Journal, daily and weekly, 
Michigan Tribune, weekly, . 
Review and Herald, weekly, . 
Our Age, weekl}-, .... 

Marshall Statesman, weekly, . 
Marshall Expounder, weekly, 
Albion Mirror, weekly, ... 
Albion Recorder, weekly, 

Index, weekly, 

Register, weekly, 

Health Reformer, monthlv. 



Frankfort. 
. Benzonia. 

]S"iles. 

Niles. 

Buchanan. 

St. Joseph. 

St. Joseph. 

Benton Harbor. 

. Xiles. 

. Coldwater. 

Coldwater. 

Quincy. 

Union City. 

. Coldwater. 

. Battle Creek. 

Battle Creek. 

. Battle Creek. 

Battle Creek. 

Marshall. 

Marshall. 

Albion. 

Albion. 

Homer. 

Tekonsha. 

. Battle Creek. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



125 



Youth's Instructor, monthly, 
Advent Tidings, monthly, 

CASS COUXTY. 

Cass County Republican, weekly, 

National Democrat, weekly, . 

The Vigilant, weekly, .... 

CHARLEVOIX COUNTY. 

Charlevoix Sentinel, weekly, 

CHEBOYGAN COUNTY, 

Cheboygan Weekly Independent, . 

CLARE COUNTY. 

The Register, weekly, .... 

CLINTON COUNTY. 

Clinton County Republican, weekly, 

Clinton Independent, weekly, 

Ovid Register, weekly, .... 

DELTA COUNTY. 

Escanaba Tribune, weekly, 

EATON COUNTY, 

Charlotte Republican, weekly. 
Democratic Leader, weekly, 
Bellevue Weekly Gazette, 
Eaton Rapids Journal, weekly, . 
Grand Ledge Independent, weekly. 
College Express, monthly, . 

GENESEE COUNTY. 

Flint Globe, weekly, .... 
Wolverine Citizen, Aveekly, 



Battle Creek. 
. Battle Creek. 

. Dowagiac. 

Cassopolis. 

. Cassopolis- 

. Charlevoix. 

Cheboygan. 

Farwell. 

St. Johns. 

St. Johns. 

Ovid. 

Escanaba.^ 

. Charlotte. 

Charlotte. 

. Bellevue. 

Eaton Rapids. 

. Grand Ledge. 

. Olivet. 

Flint. 
. Flint. 



120 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



Genesee Democrat, Aveekly, . . . . 
Penton Gazette, weekly, .... 
Fenton Independent, weekly, 

GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY. 

Traverse Bay Eagle, weekly^ 
Grand Traverse Herald, weekly, 

GRATIOT COUKTY. 

Gratiot County Journal, weekly, 

St. Louis Herald, weekly, .... 

HILLSDALE COUNTY. 

Jonesville Independent, weekly, . 

Hillsdale Standard, weekly, 

Hillsdale Democrat, weekly, .... 

Hillsdale Business, weekly, 

Kough Notes, weekl3% 

HOUGHTON COUNTY. 

Portage Lake Mining Gazette, weekly, 
ISTorth western Mining Journal, weekly, 

HURON COUNTY. 

Huron County News, weekly, . 

INGHAM COUNT r. 

Lansing State Republican, weekly, 

Lausingi Journal, weekly, 

Ingham County News, weekly, 

Williamston Enterprise, weekly, 

Leslie Herald, weekly, 



IONIA COUNTY. 



Ionia Sentinel, weekly, 



Flint. 

. Fentonville. 

Fcntonville. 

Traverse City. 
Traverse City. 

Ithaca. 
St. Louis. 

. Jonesville. 

Hillsdale. 

Hillsdale. 

Hillsdale. 

Reading. 

Houghton. 
Hancock. 

. Port Austin. 

Lansing. 

. Lansing. 

Mason. 

Williamston. 

. Leslie. 

Ionia. 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



127 



Ionia Standard, weekly, Ionia. 

Advertiser, weekly, Portland. 

Advertiser, weekly, Hubbardston. 

Grand Kiver Herald, weekly, Mnir. 

IOSCO COUlSfTY. 

Iosco County Gazette, weekly, . . . Tawas City. 

ISABELLA COUNTY. 

Isabella County Enterprise, weekly, . . Mt. Pleasant. 

JACKSON COUNTY. 

Jackson Citizen, daily and weekly, . . . Jackson. 
Jackson Patriot, daily and weekly, .... Jacksou. 
Concord News, weekly, Concord. 

KALAMAZOO COUNTY. 

Kalamazoo Telegrax)li, daily and weekly, . . Kalamazoo. 

Kalamazoo Gazette, weekly, .... Kalamazoo. 

Schoolcraft Despatch, weekly, .... Schoolcraft. 

Torchlight and Herald, fortnightly, . . Kalamazoo. 

Michigan Freemasou, monthly, .... Kalamazoo. 

KENT COUNTY. 

Grand Rapids Eagle, daily and weekly, . Grand Rapids. 
Grand Rapids Times, daily and weekly, . . Grand Rapids. 
Grand Rapids Democrat, daily and weekly, . Grand Rapids. 

Lowell Journal, weekly, Lowell. 

Wolverine Clipper, weekly, .... Cedar Springs. 
Register, weekly, Rockford. 

LAKE COUNTY. 

Lake County Star, weekly, Chase. 



128 



HISTORY OF MWmOAN. 



LAPEER COUNTY. 

Weekly Clarion, Lapeer. 

Democrat, weekl3^ Lapeer. 

LEELANAW COUNTY. 

Leelanaw Tribune, weekly, Norfchport. 

LENAWEE COUNTY. 

Adrian Times and Expositor, daily and weekly, . Adrian. 
Adrian Press, daily and weekly, .... Adrian. 

Adrian Journal, weekly, Adrian, 

Auzeiger (German), weekly Adrian. 

Hudson Post, weekly, Hudson. 

Hudson Gazette, weekly, Hudson. 

Kew Era, weekly, Morenci. 

Eaisin Valley Record, Aveekly, .... Tecumseh. 
Tecnmseh Herald, weekly, Tecnmseli. 

LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 

Livingston County Republican, Aveekl}-, . . Howell. 

Livingston Democrat, weekly, Howell. 

Brighton Citizen, Aveekly, Brighton. 

MACOMB COUNTY. 

Mt. Clemens Monitor, Aveekly, . . . Mt. Clemens. 
Mt. Clemens Press, weekly, .... Mt. Clemens. 
Mt. Clemens Reporter, weekly, . . . Mt. Clemens. 

MANISTEE COUNTY. 

Manistee Times, weekly, Manistee. 

Manistee Standard,* weekly, .... Manistee. 



* Two weekly newspapers of this name are published at Manistee,— or.c by Fowlte, 
(he other by Hoffman. 



HISTORY OF MICUIOAN. 



120 



MARQUETTE COUNTY. 

Mining Journal, "weekly, Marquette. 

MASON COUNTY. 

Mason County Record, weekly, . . . Ludington. 
Ludington Weekly Appeal, Ludington. 

MECOSTA COUNTY. 

Mecosta County Pioneer, weekly, . . . Big Rapids. 
The Magnet, weekly, Big Rapids. 

MENOMINEE COUNTY. 

Menominee Herald, weekly, . . . , Menominee- 
Lumberman and Miner, weekly, . . . Menominee. 

MIDLAND COUNTY. 

Midland Independent, weekly, . . . Midland Cit}-. 
Midland Times, weekly, .... Midland City. 

MONROE COUNTY. 

Monroe Commercial, weekly, Monroe. 

Monroe Monitor, weekly, Monroe- 

Dundee Enterprise, weekly, .... Dundee. 

MONTCALM COUNTY. 

Montcalm Herald, weekly, Stanton. 

Greenville Independent, weekly, . . . Greenville. 
Greenville Democrat, weekly, .... Greenville. 
Howard Record, weekly, Howard City. 

MUSKEGON COUNTY. 

Muskegon Chronicle, weekly, . . . Muskegon. 

Muskegon N'ews and Reporter, weekly, . . Muskegon. 
Muskegon Gazette and Bulletin, weekly, . Muskegon. 

ir 



130 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



Whitehall Foruui, weekly, .... Whitehall. 

Michigan Lumberman, monthl}^ . . . Muskegon. 

NEWAYGO COUXTY. 

Newaygo Republican, weekly, . . . . Newaygo, 

OAKLAKD COUNTY. 

Pontiac. Gazette, weekly, Pontiac. 

Pontiac Bill Poster, weekly, .... Pontiac. 

Holly Register, weekly, Holly. 

Milford Times, weekly, Milford. 

Rochester Era, weekly, Rochester. 

OCEANA COUNTY. 

Pentwater News, weekly, Peutwater. 

Oceana Times, weekly, Pentwater. 

Oceana County Journal, weekly, .... Hart. 

ONTONAGON COUNTY. 

Lake Superior Miner, weekly, . . . Ontonagon. 

OSCEOLA COUNTY. 

Osceola Outline, weekly, Hersey. 

Evart Review, weekly, Evart. 

Reed City Clarion, weekh% Reed City. 

OTTAWA COUNTY. 

Grand Haven Herald, weekly, , . . Grand Haven. 

Grand Haven News, weekly, . . . Grand Haven. 

Independent, Aveekly, Spring Lake. 

De Hope (Dutch), weekly, .... Holland. 

De Groudwet (Dutch), weekly, .... Holland. 
De Hollander (Dutch), w^eekly, . . . Holland. 

De Watcher (Dutch), semi-monthly, . . . Holland. 



HIST OB Y OF MICHIGAN. 



131 



SAGIXAW COUJSTTT. 

Saginaw Enterprise, daily and weekly, . . East Saginaw. 
Saginaw Courier, daily and weekly, . . East Saginaw. 
Saginaw Zeitung (German), weekly, . . East Saginaw. 
Saginaw Republican, weekly, .... Saginaw. 

Saginawian, weekly, Saginaw. 

Chesaning Times, weekly, Cliesaning. 

SANILAC COUNTY. 

Sanilac Jefiersonian, weekly, .... Lexington. 

SHIAWASSEE COUNTY. 

Shiawassee American, weekly, .... Corunua. 

Owosso Weekly Press, Owosso. 

Owosso Crusader, weekh', Owosso. 

ST. CLAIE COUNTY. 

Port Huron Times, daily and weekly, . . Port Huron. 

Port Huron Commercial, weekly, . . . Port Huron. 

St. C'air Republican, weekly, . . . .St. Clair. 

Terra Firma, monthly, Port Huron. 

ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 

"Weekly Mercury, . . . . . . Constantine. 

Sturgis Journal, weekly, . . . . . Sturgis. 

Three Rivers Reporter, weekly, .... Three Rivers. 

St. Joseph County Democrat, weekly, . . Three Rivers. 
St. Joseph County Republican, weekly, . . Centreville. 
Mendoniau, weekly, Mendon. 

TUSCOLA COUNTY. 

Tuscola Advertiser, weekly, ..... Caro» 
Tuscola County Pioneer, weekly, .... Vassar. 



132 



HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 



VAN BUEEIf COUNTY. 

Paw Paw Courier, weekly, Paw Paw. 

True ISTortherner, weekly, Paw Paw. 

Lawton Tribune, weekly, Law ton. 

Van Buren Eepublicau, weekly, . . . Decatur. 

Hartford Day Spring, weekly, .... Ilartford. 

Weekly Journal, Bangor. 

Breedsville Messenger, weekly, . . . Breedsville. 

South Haven Sentinel, weekh', . . . South Haven. 

WASHTENAW COUNTY. 

Ann Arbor Register, weekly, .... Ann Arbor. 
Michigan Argus, weekly, ..... Ann Arbor. 
Peninsula Courier and Family Visitant, weekly, Ann Arbor. 

Chelsea Herald, Aveekly, Chelsea. 

Dexter Leader, weekly, Dexter. 

Manchester Enterprise, weekly, .... Manchester. 

Saline Eeview, weekly, Saline. 

Ypsilanti Commercial, weekly, . . . . Ypsilanti. 
Ypsilanti Sentinal, weekly, .... Ypsilanti. 

The Chronicle (University), semi-monthly, . .Ann Arbor. 

WAYNE COUNTY. 

Detroit Post, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, . . Detroit. 

Detroit Tribune, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, . . Detroit. 

Detroit Free Press, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, . Detroit. 

Daily Union, daily and weekl}', Detroit. 

Daily Evening News, daily and weekly, . . Detroit. 

Michigan Journal (German), daily and weekly, . Detroit. 

Michigan Volksblatt (German), daily and weekly, . Detroit. 

Daily Abend Post (German), daily and weekly, . Detroit. 



mSTOBY OF MICHIOAN. 



133 



Commercial Advertiser and Michigan Home Jonrnal, 

weekly, . Detroit. 

Journal of Commerce, weekly, .... Detroit. 
Mechanic and Inventor, weekly, .... Detroit. 

Western Home Journal, weekly, .... Detroit. 

Michigan Farmer, weekly, Detroit. 

Mystic Star, monthly, Detroit. 

Yankee Land, monthly, Detroit. 

Review of Medicine, monthly, Detroit. 

Peninsular Journal of Medicine, monthly, . . Detroit. 

American Observer, monthly, Detroit. 

Song Journal, monthly, Detroit. 

Northville Record, weekly, Northville. 

Wyandotte Enterprise, weekly, . . . Wyandotte. 

WEXFORD COUNTY. 

W^exford County Pioneer, weekly, . . . Sherman. 
Clam Lake News, weekl}', .... Clam Lake. 



134 HI8T0ET OF MICHIGAK. 



COPIES OF DOCUMENTS 

DEPOSITED IN THE CORNER-STONE OF THE TERRITO- 
RIAL CAPITOL, ERECTED AT DETROIT IN 1833. 



HISTORICAL MEMOEAKDA. 

Canada was first taken possessioD of by the French in 
1G08. 

Detroit became an important military post, garrisoned by 
the French, in 16S3, being one of an extended chain of 
military posts established by the French in North America. 

With other possessions of the French in this part of North 
America, Detroit was surrendered by that power to the King 
of Great Britain, by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. 

By the Treaty of Peace, September 3d, 1783, it was recog- 
nized by the British GoYernment as an integral part of the 
United States of America. 

And in pursuance of the Treaty of the 19th of November, 
1794, it was taken possession of by General Anthony "Wayne, 
in the name of the United States of America, July, 1796. 



mSTOBT OF MICHIGAN. 135 



NAMES OF THE OFFICERS WHO PRESIDED WHEN LAY- 
ING THE CORNER-STONE OF THE COURT-HOUSE IN 
THE CITY OF DETROIT, SEPT. 32. A. L. 5833. 



GRAND LODGE, TEERITORY OF MICHIGAJT. 

E. W. Bi-0. Whitney, Grand Master. 

RiSDON, .... Deputy Grand Master, 

Smyth, Past Master. 

ScHAVARZ, . . . Senior Grand Warden. 

H. I. Hunt, . . . Junior Grand Warden. 
J. Abbatt, .... Grand Treasurer. 
C. S. Payne, .... Grand Secretary. 
C. Jackson, . . . Senior Grand Deacon. 
J. Moors, .... Junior Grand Deacon. 

Rowland, Grand Marshal. 

Woodworth, .... Grand Marshal. 
Fletcher, .... Grand Chaplain. 
Sherwood, Grand Tiler. 

The following coins were contained in the box : 

Date. 

Silver $1.00, 1798. 

Silver 50c 1818. 

Silver 25c. 1805. 

Silver 10c 1807. 

Copper Ic. 1818. 

Copper ic 1805. 

Also a copy of the *' Masonic Mirror and Symbolic Chart," 
"presented to Monroe Chapter Ko. 1, by Comp. J. L. Whiting, 
June Uth, A. L. 5821." 

THE END. 



